Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Essay Example And mostly, the words that I had said were the negative ones which may hurt other’s feelings. Although it didn’t happened regularly I experienced it in times when I have arguments, conflicts and fights with other people. Secondly, the defense mechanism which is so common to everyone but some of us are not aware of doing and expressing it. I have a certain behavior on which I tend to tell a lie in reasoning and answering to other’s questions and even in my initial reactions. And sometimes, I am also unaware that I did things which were not meant in a certain activity but I still did it to elude from shame and to protect my ego as well. In addition to the example above, I had also experienced the sleep-talking and sleep-walking which I also think it was being influenced by my unconscious thought process, considering that I am deeply asleep on those times. I have clearly observed that almost a hundred percent of my actions and behaviors were determined by my conscious thought4 process and mental awareness, while a fraction of it were influenced by my unconscious mind when I am awake. And it was so obvious that most of us are thinking and are aware before the actions, emotions, sensations, and thoughts are expressed, because if the unconscious thought process dominates over the consciousness of our mind, then our mental awareness are being suppressed, thus, causing mental abnormality. Based from Aswers.com, the slip of the tongue, dreams and other neurotic symptoms are part of the psychic apparatus which normally don’t enter to one’s awareness, thus, it is determined by the unconscious thought process of our mind. Of the examples I had like, the slip of the tongue and the denial which were used for protecting me from shame were both explained by the proponents of Freudian theory by Sigmund Freud. Being denial for protecting one’s self-importance or ego was part

Inevitably is always better than large organizations at making Essay

Inevitably is always better than large organizations at making innovations - Essay Example Small and medium-sized enterprises are business enterprises which are seen to variously exhibit some common characteristics, which are; these business enterprises employ an average of up to about 250 employees, they have an annual turnover that is approximated as being not more than ?50 million and their management is also seen as largely independent in addition to being free from any outside control and influence in taking various principal decisions (European Commission, 2013). The Role/Place of Small and Medium-sized Business Enterprises in the Economy SMEs are important to all the different economies in the world, this is especially so to those economies found in the world’s developing countries that happen to be struggling with income distribution and employment challenges. During the 1980s, the total turnover, stocks and employment in most of the firms operating a wide range of business activities and services in the United Kingdom was seen to record spectacular growth. This growth was witnessed in the operations of all the large and small business enterprises. ... The number of SMEs within the United Kingdom has managed to record rapid growth during both the 1980s and the 1990s with estimates showing growth margins of from 57 percent to an average of 67 percent (Analoui and Karami 2003). The United Kingdom’s over 3.7 million SMEs are approximated to account for about 40 percent of the country’s total GDP. The SMEs also generate an annual turn over of about one trillion pounds in addition to employing approximately over 12 million people. Of the 2.3 million jobs that were created in the United Kingdom by the formation of new businesses between the years ranging from 1995 through to 1999, SMEs account for about 85 percent of this figure while they also accounted for more than 50 percent of the more than 3.5 million jobs that were gained as companies in the United Kingdom expanded over the same time period (Analoui and Karami 2003). Despite small firms accounting for such a large portion of the country’s GDP, Britain has been show to be relatively poorly endowed with small firms (Nelson, 1993). As a consequence of the trend showing constant growth of SME’s both in the United Kingdom and the world, SMEs have been noted as accounting for an average of about 99 percent of all businesses in the United Kingdom, while globally, SMEs are seen to account for business enterprise in excess of 99 percent of all the businesses that have been established. It is due to this that SME are considered to be the largest contributor to both the gross domestic product and the employment rates of all the countries in the world (Nwankwo and Gbadamosi, 2010). In order for SMEs to compete successfully and improve their chances of

Criminal Trends Essay Example for Free

Criminal Trends Essay There is no question that crime has had and continues to hinder society. The criminal justice system is an intricate part of society and is essential that this system remains capable of adequately dealing with the latest crime trends. It was the establishment of the consistency with the Social Commission that the number or crimes should become a priority so that the facts and statistics developed can be readily available for use. When the first crimes were recorded over 60 years ago there findings showed crime trends in larceny, physical assaults, and homicide. As time progressed into today the studies conducted show an increase and broader concept to include organized crime from the mafias, organized crime involving gangs, trafficking of illegal drugs, and the illegal trafficking of humans. The interface between components of the criminal justice system and criminal justice connections with surrounding society is always changing. There are many components that affect society and criminal justice system. Components such as the increase of juvenile crimes, gun control, technology, and legalization of drugs, terrorism, and the list can continue. The two main components that have the largest effect from society to the criminal justice system are going to the increasing advancement of technology and the newly risen debate of gun control. These two components have the largest impact on society and the criminal justice system. Past trends that affected the criminal justice system: Society and the criminal justice system had their share of crime during the past. The crime that was handled during this time was difficult as it is today when something new occurs and has to be handled. Years ago there was not the forensics capabilities or the technology that we have today to solve murders and other crimes. The technological devices and advances that are available today were not present; therefore, requiring society and the criminal justice system do the best they each could do. The criminal justice system and its many agencies did not have bullet proof vests, GPS search systems, DNA/forensics, computers, Internet, biometric imagery, database information centers, telephones, walkie-talkies, and the list continues. Depending on how deep in the past things is observed or studied the criminal justice system and society had a different relationship than what is found today between the two. Society was not as quick to get involved with matters that did not concern them or their families; however, society had more of a hardcore respect for the criminal justice system especially, law enforcement. Technology is not the only component that affects the criminal justice system and society, gun laws and rights do so as well. In 1787, under The Bill of Rights in the second amendment was established allowing the American citizens to the â€Å"right to keep and bear arms† (Lee, 2012). Gun Control issues that are prevalent today were not seen as issues in the past and possibly could be seen differently in the future. There has been laws and policies created in the past that if they were not established the impact would be horrible for today’s criminal justice system. The list below complies to the past circumstances with gun control to make what society and the criminal justice system has developed recently. 1934 The National Firearms Act was established to help maintain, control, and tax firearms used during the prohibition era (Lee, 2012). * 1938 The Federal Firearms Act was established to begin the process of record keeping and acquiring a licensing for sellers (Lee, 2012). * 1968 The Gun Control Act was established to prohibit anyone from purchasing a long gun through the postal service, prohibits convicted felons, drug users, and the mental ill from obtaining the right to carry a firearm (Lee, 2012). 1990 The Crime Control Act was created to make certain areas gun-free zones, such locations that of a school area (Lee, 2012). The fact that these actions created and maintain from the past a foundation that we use today when dealing with any form of gun violence or gun requirement. In past people could carry a gun inside facilities, own whatever make or model that was present at the time, children knew how to shoot, children could carry a gun (western days); however, with the incidents that occurred developed the impact that we carry on today in society. The truth behind every act or law there is a reason to why it was created, established, and enforced. Recent and present trends that affecting the criminal justice system: According to Cetron and Davis, â€Å"the exponential rate at which technology is changing directly affecting policing today. While it offers new tools for officers, it is also providing extremely lucratively and easy means of criminal activity. † The criminal justice system and citizens are both affected by this change. Technology has progressed so rapidly over the past decade alone that criminals are committing crimes internationally, and this is making the job of law enforcement agencies even more difficult, more time consuming, and more dangerous. The criminal justice system does still have corruption from different agencies, especially the law enforcement. Today, technological advancements, and crime control relate to investigator and investigations may not significantly decrease violent crimes, only time will tell if technology advancements are hindering the criminal justice system and the privacy that Americans so desire nowadays (Muraskin, 2009). One of the most important technological creations used today is smartphones. Smartphones are equipped with cameras to take live and still shots, voice recordings, application downloads, file storage, area to link other equipment into the phone, and the list continues. The second most important technological device that has been created and used today by society and members of the criminal justice system with the different agencies is The Global Positioning System or GPS. The second trend that has taken toll recently with society and the criminal justice system and its many agencies is gun control. The horrible incident that occurred at Sandy Hook elementary school where innocent children lost their lives started a national conversation on the revision of gun control policies and acts presently in effect (Greathouse, 2013). Issues such as assault weapons bans, ammunition access, deterring the use of guns by criminals and the potentially violent, and the influence of violent media are in question because of this horrible attack. The role of law enforcement and the courts in reducing further incidents of gun violence has also been at the forefront of the h\gun violence discussion. There have been efforts to impose harsher sentences for gun crimes, producing stark difference in the federal versus state or local penalties in some areas† (Goldberger, 2008). Society has mixed emotions of the possible increments that could affect their ability to maintain their second amendment right. The main argument with most individuals in society is that guns don’t kill people, but people kill people. The possibility of divided society is strong if society loses their rights to â€Å"bear arms†, and on the other hand member of the criminal justice system who are also a part of society when off duty will have to handle the aspect of a â€Å"twin edged sword. † Future trends that will affect the criminal justice system: Attorney General Eric Holder stated, â€Å"The globalization of criminal networks and advances in technology have made international criminal organizations a significant threat to the safety and security of our nation. Preparing for the future in the criminal justice system with its many agencies and society is a hit and miss. The technology possibilities are endless. The new crimes that can occur or the possibility of terrorism happening again in this country are always strong. According to Nancy M. Ritter, â€Å" There is no question that terrorism, the growth of multicultural populations, massive migration, upheavals in age composition demographics, technological developments, and globalization in the future will affect the criminal justice system† (Ritter, 2004). Society is ever changing with the flow of the economy and the different cultures and nationalities that are present. It is a fact that we cannot control what has happened in the past, but we do have some control on what happens in the future. Society and the criminal justice system with its many agencies needs to develop an understanding and a respect for each other immediately so that when situations occur that no one in particular is involved respect for the decision and outcome are acceptable. Value of the criminal justice system in a changing society: People of society want to feel safe in our communities no matter where we are or what we are doing. There should not by any shape or form of reasoning to why individuals should not feel safe within their own homes, communities, and neighborhoods. People should be able to arise every day without having to look around and make sure if it is safe to leave their domain. Individuals should be able to walk down the street without having to look constantly over his or her shoulders in fear of harm. The relationship between the criminal justice system and society is not a complex relationship. Society is involved in many steps, policies, and procedures within the criminal justice system. Society helps with the elections of officials and also has a possible role in law making. Individuals from society help in the courtroom proceedings as well as they are members of a jury. According to Muraskin and Roberts, who states that â€Å"society is a part of the criminal justice system and its protocol such as the prevention of crime, policy making, and witnesses during court cases and jury members during courtroom proceedings. The criminal justice system is establish with law enforcement help enforce the laws of the â€Å"land† and protect the individuals in society. Society and the criminal justice system has had their differences that changed the perception and amount of respect some individuals had toward the system, but strive forward the past has to be let gone. Soceity and the criminal justice system has to work to work together to maintain a safe and stable living en vironment for everyone. The value of the criminal justice system in a changing society is irrefutable. Society would be nowhere if there was not a crimirnal justice system. If the criminals justice system did not exist, and this country would be taken over by organized crime, terrorst groups, by drugs, identity theft, prostitution, human trafficking, and the list continues. The system gives society their rights, what keeps them safe and what upholds the law. Our societies are changing daily with the increasing illegal immigrants who are located within our borders. The increaseing amount of illegal immigrants develops differences in races, cultures, beliefs, and ideology. The crimnal justice system keeps many of these things from taking over our nation and witout them there is no hope. â€Å"Predictions and visions of the furture are makred by challegnges, expectatons, advaced preparedness, and techological developments. Crminal justice professionals are encountering enormous challenes and organizational changes, Whether or not the technologically advnaced changes in criminal justice investgations and crime control will contnue to significantly reduce violent crime rates remains to be seen. But, technological and social developments as well as policy changes offer much promises for the future† (Muraskin, 2009). Conclusion: The crimes that society has had to contend within the past still hinder the criminal justice system along with the new elements of crime. Crime trends are extending beyond the border of the United States and are a challenge globally. Cybercrimes are on the rise as society becomes more dependent upon electronic data gadgets and the Internet. The criminal justice system of today is believed by many not to be capable of remaining effective without change. The current methods of dealing with criminals and their crimes are ineffective toward the current crime trends. This will require changes in the way the grand jury operates on an everyday basis. The most practical effective method for the grand jury would be to meet and discuss current crimes and punishments without an authoritarian disposition. The ongoing fact is that the criminal justice system has and will contour to change. Criminal will come up with new and clever ways to commit their crimes and the criminal justice system has to come up with ways to combat these advancements. Society will always have criminals therefore making the constant need for the criminal justice system and all the agencies involved. The criminal justice system will always be an ever evolving field within society. Society changes on a regular basis and with change from within society develops the technological needs are established. In other words, as society changes the needs that it takes to be more productive is altered to fit the present situation. The barriers that come along can affect how the criminal justice system interprets on how to control and maintain the situation. The fundamental basis of the criminal justice system is to protect and serve the community. The criminal justice system has to stay ahead of the game, especially the changes that occur in society. Crime trends may not last; therefore, receiving a fundamental explanation of how long crime trends will last is anyone’s guess because different trends have no set time frame to how long they are going last. Trends whether what nature they are come and go and other develop in another ones place. Changes over time in crime trends and patterns have significant consequences, which affect the criminal justice system as well as to the essential departments because if one were to look at â€Å"such areas as health, housing, and employment consistent trends ad patterns emerge, whereas America lacks the information and comprehensive research on crime trends† (Goldberger, 2008).

Midwife Expert Of The Normal Health And Social Care Essay

Midwife Expert Of The Normal Health And Social Care Essay Humans have a gestational age of about 40 weeks, though a normal gestational period is from 37 to 42 weeks. It is the greatest desire of both the mother and midwives that the baby comes in to the world safely and with very little traumata. .This essay seeks to examine how the midwife is the expert of the normal and their role in the promotion of normality in childbirth . We also look at the midwifes role in promoting normality in childbirth, This is relation to waterbirth care will be explored through knowledge and evidence based midwifery practice. Promoting normality in childbirth can be defined as encouraging woman and professionals to consider vaginal birth without any intervention. It includes acting as an advocate for prospective mothers and ensuring that in all or most birth experiences normality is addressed in such away that will reduce the fear in woman. Focus must be paid mostly to high risk women. These include young mothers, first time mother and those who have had terrible experiences in the past. One of the best ways to encourage normality in childbirth is to make potential mothers to believe that it can be done with less pain and trauma, especially using the tool of advocacy.Attaining 100% normality is not about forcing women to have normal births and predispose them to believe there will be neither pain nor trauma. Neither can we encourage a laissez faire posturing where a womans choice is the mantra, and midwifery and obstetric expertise counts for nothing in the equation (Elaine, 2005) For the purpose of this study, the writer will focus on the midwifes role in promoting the benefits of waterbirth and giving women the choice. The opportunity to have water birth should be offered to all healthy women who have straightforward deliveries. In 1803, a medical journal featured the first recorded water birth in modern times. After 48 hours of labour, a woman used a hot bath out of desperation. She had no choice but to give birth in the water, as the baby arrived as she was relaxing, before she even had time to complete her bath. Influenced by her personal experience, in 1998, Harper (2005) decided to create Waterbirth International. The aim of this organisation is to provide up to date and accurate information about the part water could play in labour and birth. Harper continues to make waterbirth an available option for all women. (Harper, 2005) states that option is the key word in knowing that this method of birth is not for every woman, but every woman should be given an informed choice of whether it makes sense for her. The Royal College of Midwives describes waterbirth as a process which results in reduced trauma and stress to both mother and baby. During the birth process there is an interactive symbiotic relationship between the mother and the baby. However, there is always the risk of trauma to the mother and the fetus at the point of interaction. An increasing number of women are opting for waterbirth. This concept has existed since early civilization when women used water to relieve the discomfort of childbirth. Now, waterbirth is offered to women who have a low risk pregnancy and involves the use of a tub specially designed for childbirth, which is supported by both The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the Royal College of Midwives. It appears that waterbirth presents very few complications, but the guidelines produced will go even further to ensure that complications are minimised. These include firm adherence to the eligibility criteria, management of chord rupture and infection control. (Harper, 2005) Approximately 80% of human beings are delivered by midwives. A word which literally means with women; they are trained to assist women during pregnancy, labour and the first year of the babys life. Midwives have been long established throughout the world as the most appropriate persons to provide care to women during their reproductive years. Because of her professional training, a midwife has the knowledge and skills necessary to support the mother, as well as the rest of the family, with care, education and counselling. Apart from having an outstanding safety record, various studies have proved that midwives produce exceptional results. According to Elaine (2005), the five lowest rates of infant mortality as well as use of technology have been recorded in countries where midwives are present in the birthroom, without a physician. As skilled specialists, midwives play a vital role in supporting and maintaining the high standard of normal childbirth. Maternity services can play their part in developing the midwifes expertise and autonomy by ensuring that there are suitable opportunities for meaningful practice. Midwives should also be valued for their skill and dedication. It is very important therefore, for a midwife to be confident and competent enough to give legitimate and safe informed advice to the mother;this will help in achieving the desired optimum results in promoting normality. Since they have to be proficient in supporting normal childbirth in a variety of settings without supervision, including the home, midwives are required to work to the NMC standards. This will ensure legitimate, safe and successful practices during the entire childbirth process (DoH, (2007), NMC, (2008) The midwifes roles include encouraging normal birth, using preventive measures, recognising complications in mother and baby, facilitating the access of relevant services and implementing emergency procedures. To achieve this, the midwife must work in partnership with the woman both before and after childbirth (International Confederation of Midwives, 2005). Good communication is an essential skill for a midwife. Clients feel confident to make their own decisions without anxiety when they believe that they are valued enough to be listened to and efforts are made to facilitate their understanding (RCM, 2006). Why Waterbirth? Miller (2006), recommends that every woman who has a normal pregnancy should be offered the opportunity of water birth. He maintains that this will result in a more fulfilling experience for both mother and child while increasing the midwifes job satisfaction. Most women prefer waterbirth, but there must be meaningful discussions with the midwife before making this decision. However, a woman must have all the information, including the pros and cons, as well as support in order to make an informed decision about the use of waterbirth.Waterbirth should also be discussed as an option for pain relief during childbirth and leaflets and other information should be provided (MIDIRS, 2008). There are no major differences to the results produces by analgesia, except for the fact less epidural, spinal or par cervical pain relief is required during water birth. As we move away from the high induction rates of the 1970s more women are choosing to give birth at home and in local birth centres (Wickham, 2005) Women want continuity of care, choice in the care they are provided with and control over the process of childbirth. Waterbirth should be viewed as an alternative method of care and management in labour and as one which must, therefore, fall within the duty of care and normal sphere of the practice of a midwife. Waterbirth is not considered to be a treatment (Wickham, 2005) It is important that midwives have up-to-date knowledge and information on the latest research and evidence relating to the advantages and disadvantages of labour or birth in water (RCOG/RCM 2006) Benefits of waterbirth Waterbirth has several , including the following: It facilitates mobility and enables the mother to assume any position which is comfortable for labour and birth; speeds up labour; reduces blood pressure; gives mother more feeling of control; provides significant pain relief; promotes relaxation; conserves her energy; reduces the need for drugs and intervention; gives mother a private protected space; reduces perineal trauma and eliminates episiotomies; reduces caesarean rates; it is highly rated by mothers typically stating, they would consider giving birth in water again; it highly rated by experienced providers; and it encourages an easier birth for mother and a gentler welcome for baby (Harper, 2005) Burns et al., (2006) believes that waterbirth is associated with higher maternal satisfaction than birth on dry land. Â  In a questionnaire assessing womens views on waterbirth, Richmond (2003) found that when women got into the pool in labour many of them described feelings of complete relaxation. Lying in warm water gives a sense of relaxation, but whether it actually reduces pain is unproven. A perception of relaxation, pain relief, ease of movements and more holistic experience made labour in water a popular choice during the 1980s. Women felt they were given immediate pain relief and the warmth was soothing. Â  Many mothers enjoyed the buoyancy and mobility the water gave them. (Richmond, 2003) Â   Also, Miller (2006) believes that women using a water pool feel more empowered and less exposed. Â  Immersion in water increases self control in a secure, warm, private and quiet environment, thus encouraging the promotion of normality. Â  There are considerable perceived benefit s of using immersion in water during labour, including less painful contractions and less need for pharmacological analgesia, shorter labour, less need for augmentation, with no known adverse effects for the woman herself (Thoeni et. al, 2005) However, there may be rare but clinically significant risks for the baby born under water. Possible complications that may be associated with water birth include fresh water drowning, neonatal hyponatremia, neonatal waterborne infectious disease, cord rupture with neonatal hemorrhage, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and death. The rates of these complications are likely to be low but are not well defined (Wax and Wilson, 2004) In his/her study of this phenomena, (Cluett, 2004) concluded that there was no significant difference in other important clinical outcomes, including duration of labour, operative delivery and perineal trauma. There were no increased adverse outcomes for the baby (Cluett, 2004) Otigbah et al., (2000) found in a study comparing waterbirths and conventional vaginal deliveries, concluded that labouring and delivering in water is associated with a shorter labour and reduced perineal trauma for primigravidae women. (Gilbert and Tookery, 2004) concluded that perinatal mortality is not substantially higher among babies delivered in water than among those born to low risk women who delivered conventionally (Gilbert and Tookery, 2004). Although there is no evidence of higher perinatal mortality or admission to special care baby units (SCBUs) for birth in water; caution is advised because of small numbers, possible under-reporting of SCBU admission and exclusion of women who were in labour in water but gave birth conventionally after complications. (Cluett et. al, 2004) All women require less analgesia. Â  Odent (2000) suggests that if a small number of recommendations are taken into account, using water during labour will seriously compete with epidural anaesthesia. Most of the available evidence is restricted to healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancy at term although there is some evidence that labouring in water under midwifery care may be an option for slow progress in labour, reducing the need for obstetric intervention, and offering an alternative pain management strategy (Cluett et. al, 2004) Gessbuhler et al., (2004) found that perineal trauma is minimised during a waterbirth: episiotomy is hardly ever needed; there are fewer first and second degree perineal lacerations, and fewer vaginal and labial tears. Â  Hale (2008) believes this is owed to the softening effect of the warm water and the womans ability to relax her perineum more readily. Â  Support from the water slows the crowning of the babys head and offers perineal support which decreases the risk of tearing (Garland, 2004) Â  Women with prolonged labour found a reduction in obstetric intervention following immersion in water and instrumental delivery is also rarely necessary Cluett et. al, (2004) and Beech (2008) points out that labouring in a birth pool encourages an upright position and increases the pelvic diameter which often increases the rate of cervical dilatation. Â  Waterbirth reduces the need for pain relieving drugs; however, if it does not work the woman has the option of choosing other forms of pain relief. Maternal and fetal infection rate is however, comparable to traditional deliveries (Zanetti-Daellenbach et. al, 2006) and (Thoeni et. al, 2005) The selection of a low-risk collective is essential to minimize the risks with the addition of strictly maintained guidelines and continuous intrapartum observation and fetal monitoring. Waterbirths are justifiable when certain criteria are met and risk factors are excluded (Zanetti-Daellenbach et. al, 2006). Monitoring of the fetal heart using underwater Doppler should be standard practice. If the woman raises herself out of the water and exposes the fetal head to air, once the presenting part is visible, she should be advised to remain out of the water to avoid the risk of premature gasping under water. All birthing pools and other equipment (such as mirrors and thermometers) should be disposed of or thoroughly cleaned and dried after every use, in accordance with local infection control policies. Disposable sieves should be made available to ensure that the pool remains free from maternal faeces and other debris. Local information and guidelines regarding prevention of legionella build up in water supply from seldomly used pools should be obtained from local NHS trust estates and should be adhered to. Midwives should use universal precautions and follow local trust infection control guidelines. (Wickham, 2005) All midwives should ensure that they are competent to care for a woman who wishes to have a waterbirth and have a good understanding of the basic principles of caring for a woman in labour, and should make themselves aware of local policies and guidelines. Midwives, managers and supervisors of midwives should ensure that training in caring for a woman who wishes to have a waterbirth is undertaken by midwives who undertake intrapartum care, in order to increase choice for women and promote normality and ensure quality care. Midwives roles after all are that of with woman serving the needs of healthy, childbearing women, not the sick and dying (Zanetti-Dallenbach et. al, 2006) In the same way as the woman who wants a natural birth with little or no intervention, where will she be if as midwives, we do not speak for her? The aim of promoting normality is that every womens birth experience is a positive one, and finally it is important to achieve the women choice . CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The joy of motherhood stems not only from reduced trauma and stress for both mother and child, it also comes from the power of choice exercised by the mother. So far, we have established that normality in childbirth should be the rule and that although several psychological, sociological and medical factors may weigh against it, scientific research still offers it as perhaps the most desirable. However, the midwifes role begins with the use of communication and advocacy to encourage women and professionals to consider normal birth as a viable and safe option, just as the concept of waterbirth as a way of reducing discomfort of childbirth should be embraced by those who have normal birth. In the light of these findings I wish to make the following specific recommendations: 1 Women should be helped through advocacy and communication to make a deliberate choice of normal birth. 2 They should also be helped to make an informed decision about the use of waterbirth. 3

Freeport, Bahamas :: essays research papers

For those who like to relax, fish, water sports like snorkeling and jet skiing, I have the perfect place- Freeport, Bahamas is divided into sections that represent different parts of the world, each with its own collection of shops and restaurants. Blessed with the perfect location, less than 100 miles off the coast of Florida; the perfect climate, averaging a little over 75 degrees; and the perfect environment, with crystal clear turquoise blue waters and pearly white sandy beaches. Because the weather is warm all year, makes Freeport a great spot for tourism. I went there for spring break to get away from the cold weather of Chicago. I could not imagine at the time how relaxing a place could be. I received an invitation to go from my girlfriend, she told me that her cousin family had a time share there and invited her along and told her she could invite someone of her own. The Florida natives call these tourists "Snowbird" or "blue-hairs." Th ese tourists really do earn these unsavory titles because they all drive five miles an hour. This makes the locals crazy. After the snowbirds leave, all of the summer tourists arrive. These are usually families driving mini-vans with ten bratty kids wh o are all out of school for the summer. Just imagine that you are sitting on the beach, smelling the salt air, and feeling the cool breeze. The sun is slowly melting into the ocean and the sky is the shade of bright purple that can only be seen at dusk. It has been a long, hot day in the sun, and it feels nice to finally let it end. This is what living in Freeport, Bahamas is all about. The resort has only two chalets, each one situated on one side of the lake. There are many tow-days contests taking place here. The participants are from many different countries and they come here to have fun and do what they like and know best: extreme ski and snowboard. Snowboard is relatively a new extreme sport in Romania, but there already are many kids who practice it. Parties where everyone is having a good time and creating a friendly atmosphere, one would say specific to this place follow the contests. The party lasts till late in the night, when a peaceful silence covers the mountains.

Changes needed for the success of a policy Essay

In order to make the process of enactment of policies to be one of great success; there needs to be some work to be done. Accountability is one of the issues that need to be enhanced so that things get steered in the right direction. Each and every stakeholder has a role to play so that success is assured. It is well known that for an institution to have a shot at becoming an icon of success; then it would be necessary for administrators to vet the quality of services they offer. Other than accountability the issue of evaluation or assessments of the various stakeholders is also advised. The mentioned two issues would be helpful if they can be worked on. Evaluations would have to be introduced to both the teaching staff as well as the school administrators. (Fowler, 2009, p.101) How evaluation is carried out may forecast repercussions to both the person administering it and the individual being evaluated. Making assessments and evaluations is paramount within a learning institution. A lot of effort is put when pursuing policy implementation; equally aggressive measures should be put when safeguarding it. Stages of carrying out evaluation of policies can be pursued in two aspects; one of those avenues is during the duration of developing the said policy and the other being at the time of implementation. Evaluation of policies has undergone a lot of changes over the years; evolution of policy evaluation has come a long way from the nineteenth century to the present day. The federal government has over the years worked on developing education policies that are fashioned to better take care and address the present day challenges adequately. Top universities have also lent a hand in beefing up the government`s effort at this role. (Fowler, 2009, p.101) Evaluation in policy implementation follows similar trends. To kick off the process one has to point out the goals that he or she needs to attain. One would be inclined to underscore the pointers or indicators that should be used to segment or look out for during the procedure. All necessary instruments needed to carry out collection of information have to be set ready. The next step is the going ahead with the job of collecting the expected information. Once the much needed information has been compiled; then the next process happens to be that of making proper and organized summary of the data collected. Analysis comes afterwards; with the next step in line being writing an evaluation report. Reports are prepared with the sole purpose of having the information acted upon by the relevant parties; the enactment of the recommendations written in the reports. (Fowler, 2009, p.101) Occurrences in the past have pushed societies into having the craving to moot policies to address and rectify major issues. There are two instances or occurrences that made people spring into action as far as making policies is concerned; one of the example is poverty with the other being the need to desegregate. The mentioned occurrences drove policy makers into doing the needful as far as conducting polished work is concerned. The mentioned aspects also made professionalism to be a pillar in the implementation and rollout of policies. Evaluation processes have also been refined over time; one of the evident ways is communication of policy information to the participating parties. Techniques of getting data for evaluation has continually been evolving. Currently evaluation seems to only be carried out by individuals with the expected expertise; and the right qualification. (Fowler, 2009, p.101) References Fowler, F. C. (2009). Policy Studies for educational Leaders Technology, an introduction (3rd ed.). Boston, Ma.: Pearson Education Source document

English research paper

Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality. -â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†. What a quote from one of the greatest writers of all time. Words have no power to Impress the mind without the horror of the world that we live In. People take their life for granted and everything they have for granted as well. It shouldn't be Like that. Although Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Dickens contrast interpretation, style, and characters they do compare In plot, theme, and setting. I believe that Poe is the better writer than Dickens.One contrast between the works of Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Dickens is style. Nicholas Neckline is an example of style from the author's works. Nicholas Neckline at that time was considered to be the funniest novel in the English language. I actually did read the summary for this book and to me it seems like a funny novel to read. In Dickens's time it was just as funny as some of our modern day books if not funnier than most bo oks. Dickens style helped reach the level of success that is held by his name. Charles Dickens linguistic creativity differs from Pope's works.Doomed and son one of Dickens more creative works highlight this. Dickens was a very smart man who knew how to Incorporate his life and surroundings Into his short stones. Doomed and Son Is Dickens greatest triumph In the sentimentalist tradition. His creatively helped him get there. Poe was as creative as Dickens was. Poses stories reined over the same topics. Death and love. Dickens was different. Poe did have the upper hand in one category. Gothic Fiction. Poe is considered to be the founder of gothic fiction. Throughout the works of Poe he includes the pervasive theme of death and decay.It is almost a staple in gothic fiction, the theme of presence of madness, insanity, other internal causes, the supernatural in all of its fans, and haunted creepy locations. Almost all if not all of Pope's stories posses gothic qualities. Peg. 2 Dickens a nd Poe include some interesting characters that differ in their own way. Grip one of the characters in the story of â€Å"The Raven† by Edgar Allan Poe was a loquacious Raven that Dickens admired In one of his stories. In Barney Rugged a local Idiot wonders In and out of the story with his pet raven Grip.It Is said that Dickens wanted to use a parrot Instead of a Raven In his story but decided to go with the Raven. In the story â€Å"Great Expectations† by Charles Dickens Pip the main hearted is a little boy living with his older sister and her husband who is a blacksmith. Pip is a poor orphan who lives a troubled life until he comes into good wealth and goes off to England to become a gentleman. Pip falls in love with Mrs†¦ Habitats adopted daughter who was raised to break men's hearts in. Needless to say Pip lives a very confusing traumatic life but is an outstanding character and plays an important role in Dickens novel.In the story of Barney Rugged there is a young boy named Barney Rugged who is considered to be the local idiot who owns a pet raven named Grip. In the story murder Is involved with a character named Steward. The suspected murderer was said to be the gardener. HIS motives for killing Steward were unknown. All of Dickens books have characters from people in his life and stories that reflect his past. Pope's characters are often tortured by guilt. One comparison between the works of Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Dickens is the plot. Revenge and death. These two highlight almost all of Dickens and Pope's works.The Tell Tale Heart is a story about a man who seeks revenge on his childhood bully but in the end ends up killing himself. The Cask of Amontillado also portrays revenge and death. Peg. 3 Both writers also love to write stories about love. A Tale of Two Cities is a story about love, imprisonment and death. We can't forget about Great Expectations where Pip falls in love with Estella. Pip was crazy for Estella but Estella w as raised to break men's hearts. Poe pretty much is summarizing his life and feelings towards the love losses that occurred to him in his life.Probably the biggest comparison between the two writers is their way about writing about death. In the black cat, Pluto (the cat) is murdered by a drunk man. I don't know how someone can Just write about death. In David Copperfield the death of Davit's mother ends his schooling at crackles institutional. But wait there's more, in the haunted man, a chemist named Bedlam is an isolated scholar beset by his memories of the death of his sister and betrayal his best friend. As I started earlier Barney Rugged and the Masque of the Red Death also portrayed death.If anything these writers best works involved death. Another area where Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Dickens do compare in is theme. Byronic Romanticism is an example of this. The influence of Byronic Romanticism evident in Poe is also apparent in the works of Withering Heights. Poe and dicke ns both were able to use this very well in writing a good amount of stories. Fate is also a big part in the works of Dickens and Poe. In the Masque of the Red Death a plague is going through town within 30 minutes a person would die of the plague.The king tried to avoid the plague by staying in his castle until the plague cleared up or went away. But Fate had the advantage as it always does and King Prospers caught the plague and eventually died of it. In the Cask of Amontillado fate would strike as pay back when someone is killed for crossing his friend who told him not to cross him. Long Tory short fate caught up to him. Peg. 4 Poe and Dickens love to write about people getting murdered. The black cat a story about a cat who is murdered by a drunk man. In Great Expectations Pip's sister is killed.The Tell tale Heart a story about a plan to kill an old man but in the end the man who tried to kill the old man ended up killing himself. In Barney Rugged, Steward gets killed by the Gar dner. A Trial of Murder a tale of supernatural retribution with the murdered mans spirit returning to ensure his killers execution. I can go on and on with this. These writers Just have a fancy way for writing death Tories. Poe has crafted a tale about the perfect crime whose criminal goes unpunished and about a crime that haunts a murderer. This is their bread and butter.Death. While Poe and dickens compared in plot and theme they also did compare in setting. Their dark and gloomy atmosphere really helped shape how the story was going to go. Poe incorporated a gloomy atmosphere and melodrama into his works because he read gothic stories as a child. So pretty much that's where Poe got that idea from. In Barney Rugged he would set the scene at the Village of Caldwell an evening of foul weather. In the Pit and the Pendulum the setting is dark, dreary, and scary. Poe is considered to be the inventor of the detective fiction genre.Both Poe and Dickens have written many of short detectiv es or short mysterious mysterious visit to a distraught lover, tracing the man's slow fall into madness. The mystery of Edwin Drop is about repression and rebellion breaking out. The melancholy setting that both writers have created really makes reading their stories that much more interesting. Dickens tells about the cold wet shelter less midnight streets of London and the foul drowsy dens. The Tell Tale Hearts setting sakes it hard for me to read but it adds so much meaning to it.In the Raven, Poe establishes an atmosphere/ tone of darkness, melancholy, suspense, fear, and anxiety. The settings in their writings made their writing powerful and to me really set the standard for their type of writing. But all in all Poe definitely was the better writer hands down. Best of all time. Reality. -â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†. In conclusion I believe that Edgar Allan Poe is a better writer than Charles Dickens and in my opinion the best writer of all time. I Just feel that Poe was more m otivated to write than Dickens was. Poe went through so much in is life and his writings reflect that. English research paper Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality. -â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†. What a quote from one of the greatest writers of all time. Words have no power to Impress the mind without the horror of the world that we live In. People take their life for granted and everything they have for granted as well. It shouldn't be Like that. Although Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Dickens contrast interpretation, style, and characters they do compare In plot, theme, and setting. I believe that Poe is the better writer than Dickens.One contrast between the works of Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Dickens is style. Nicholas Neckline is an example of style from the author's works. Nicholas Neckline at that time was considered to be the funniest novel in the English language. I actually did read the summary for this book and to me it seems like a funny novel to read. In Dickens's time it was just as funny as some of our modern day books if not funnier than most bo oks. Dickens style helped reach the level of success that is held by his name. Charles Dickens linguistic creativity differs from Pope's works.Doomed and son one of Dickens more creative works highlight this. Dickens was a very smart man who knew how to Incorporate his life and surroundings Into his short stones. Doomed and Son Is Dickens greatest triumph In the sentimentalist tradition. His creatively helped him get there. Poe was as creative as Dickens was. Poses stories reined over the same topics. Death and love. Dickens was different. Poe did have the upper hand in one category. Gothic Fiction. Poe is considered to be the founder of gothic fiction. Throughout the works of Poe he includes the pervasive theme of death and decay.It is almost a staple in gothic fiction, the theme of presence of madness, insanity, other internal causes, the supernatural in all of its fans, and haunted creepy locations. Almost all if not all of Pope's stories posses gothic qualities. Peg. 2 Dickens a nd Poe include some interesting characters that differ in their own way. Grip one of the characters in the story of â€Å"The Raven† by Edgar Allan Poe was a loquacious Raven that Dickens admired In one of his stories. In Barney Rugged a local Idiot wonders In and out of the story with his pet raven Grip.It Is said that Dickens wanted to use a parrot Instead of a Raven In his story but decided to go with the Raven. In the story â€Å"Great Expectations† by Charles Dickens Pip the main hearted is a little boy living with his older sister and her husband who is a blacksmith. Pip is a poor orphan who lives a troubled life until he comes into good wealth and goes off to England to become a gentleman. Pip falls in love with Mrs†¦ Habitats adopted daughter who was raised to break men's hearts in. Needless to say Pip lives a very confusing traumatic life but is an outstanding character and plays an important role in Dickens novel.In the story of Barney Rugged there is a young boy named Barney Rugged who is considered to be the local idiot who owns a pet raven named Grip. In the story murder Is involved with a character named Steward. The suspected murderer was said to be the gardener. HIS motives for killing Steward were unknown. All of Dickens books have characters from people in his life and stories that reflect his past. Pope's characters are often tortured by guilt. One comparison between the works of Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Dickens is the plot. Revenge and death. These two highlight almost all of Dickens and Pope's works.The Tell Tale Heart is a story about a man who seeks revenge on his childhood bully but in the end ends up killing himself. The Cask of Amontillado also portrays revenge and death. Peg. 3 Both writers also love to write stories about love. A Tale of Two Cities is a story about love, imprisonment and death. We can't forget about Great Expectations where Pip falls in love with Estella. Pip was crazy for Estella but Estella w as raised to break men's hearts. Poe pretty much is summarizing his life and feelings towards the love losses that occurred to him in his life.Probably the biggest comparison between the two writers is their way about writing about death. In the black cat, Pluto (the cat) is murdered by a drunk man. I don't know how someone can Just write about death. In David Copperfield the death of Davit's mother ends his schooling at crackles institutional. But wait there's more, in the haunted man, a chemist named Bedlam is an isolated scholar beset by his memories of the death of his sister and betrayal his best friend. As I started earlier Barney Rugged and the Masque of the Red Death also portrayed death.If anything these writers best works involved death. Another area where Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Dickens do compare in is theme. Byronic Romanticism is an example of this. The influence of Byronic Romanticism evident in Poe is also apparent in the works of Withering Heights. Poe and dicke ns both were able to use this very well in writing a good amount of stories. Fate is also a big part in the works of Dickens and Poe. In the Masque of the Red Death a plague is going through town within 30 minutes a person would die of the plague.The king tried to avoid the plague by staying in his castle until the plague cleared up or went away. But Fate had the advantage as it always does and King Prospers caught the plague and eventually died of it. In the Cask of Amontillado fate would strike as pay back when someone is killed for crossing his friend who told him not to cross him. Long Tory short fate caught up to him. Peg. 4 Poe and Dickens love to write about people getting murdered. The black cat a story about a cat who is murdered by a drunk man. In Great Expectations Pip's sister is killed.The Tell tale Heart a story about a plan to kill an old man but in the end the man who tried to kill the old man ended up killing himself. In Barney Rugged, Steward gets killed by the Gar dner. A Trial of Murder a tale of supernatural retribution with the murdered mans spirit returning to ensure his killers execution. I can go on and on with this. These writers Just have a fancy way for writing death Tories. Poe has crafted a tale about the perfect crime whose criminal goes unpunished and about a crime that haunts a murderer. This is their bread and butter.Death. While Poe and dickens compared in plot and theme they also did compare in setting. Their dark and gloomy atmosphere really helped shape how the story was going to go. Poe incorporated a gloomy atmosphere and melodrama into his works because he read gothic stories as a child. So pretty much that's where Poe got that idea from. In Barney Rugged he would set the scene at the Village of Caldwell an evening of foul weather. In the Pit and the Pendulum the setting is dark, dreary, and scary. Poe is considered to be the inventor of the detective fiction genre.Both Poe and Dickens have written many of short detectiv es or short mysterious mysterious visit to a distraught lover, tracing the man's slow fall into madness. The mystery of Edwin Drop is about repression and rebellion breaking out. The melancholy setting that both writers have created really makes reading their stories that much more interesting. Dickens tells about the cold wet shelter less midnight streets of London and the foul drowsy dens. The Tell Tale Hearts setting sakes it hard for me to read but it adds so much meaning to it.In the Raven, Poe establishes an atmosphere/ tone of darkness, melancholy, suspense, fear, and anxiety. The settings in their writings made their writing powerful and to me really set the standard for their type of writing. But all in all Poe definitely was the better writer hands down. Best of all time. Reality. -â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†. In conclusion I believe that Edgar Allan Poe is a better writer than Charles Dickens and in my opinion the best writer of all time. I Just feel that Poe was more m otivated to write than Dickens was. Poe went through so much in is life and his writings reflect that. English research paper Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality. -â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†. What a quote from one of the greatest writers of all time. Words have no power to Impress the mind without the horror of the world that we live In. People take their life for granted and everything they have for granted as well. It shouldn't be Like that. Although Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Dickens contrast interpretation, style, and characters they do compare In plot, theme, and setting. I believe that Poe is the better writer than Dickens.One contrast between the works of Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Dickens is style. Nicholas Neckline is an example of style from the author's works. Nicholas Neckline at that time was considered to be the funniest novel in the English language. I actually did read the summary for this book and to me it seems like a funny novel to read. In Dickens's time it was just as funny as some of our modern day books if not funnier than most bo oks. Dickens style helped reach the level of success that is held by his name. Charles Dickens linguistic creativity differs from Pope's works.Doomed and son one of Dickens more creative works highlight this. Dickens was a very smart man who knew how to Incorporate his life and surroundings Into his short stones. Doomed and Son Is Dickens greatest triumph In the sentimentalist tradition. His creatively helped him get there. Poe was as creative as Dickens was. Poses stories reined over the same topics. Death and love. Dickens was different. Poe did have the upper hand in one category. Gothic Fiction. Poe is considered to be the founder of gothic fiction. Throughout the works of Poe he includes the pervasive theme of death and decay.It is almost a staple in gothic fiction, the theme of presence of madness, insanity, other internal causes, the supernatural in all of its fans, and haunted creepy locations. Almost all if not all of Pope's stories posses gothic qualities. Peg. 2 Dickens a nd Poe include some interesting characters that differ in their own way. Grip one of the characters in the story of â€Å"The Raven† by Edgar Allan Poe was a loquacious Raven that Dickens admired In one of his stories. In Barney Rugged a local Idiot wonders In and out of the story with his pet raven Grip.It Is said that Dickens wanted to use a parrot Instead of a Raven In his story but decided to go with the Raven. In the story â€Å"Great Expectations† by Charles Dickens Pip the main hearted is a little boy living with his older sister and her husband who is a blacksmith. Pip is a poor orphan who lives a troubled life until he comes into good wealth and goes off to England to become a gentleman. Pip falls in love with Mrs†¦ Habitats adopted daughter who was raised to break men's hearts in. Needless to say Pip lives a very confusing traumatic life but is an outstanding character and plays an important role in Dickens novel.In the story of Barney Rugged there is a young boy named Barney Rugged who is considered to be the local idiot who owns a pet raven named Grip. In the story murder Is involved with a character named Steward. The suspected murderer was said to be the gardener. HIS motives for killing Steward were unknown. All of Dickens books have characters from people in his life and stories that reflect his past. Pope's characters are often tortured by guilt. One comparison between the works of Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Dickens is the plot. Revenge and death. These two highlight almost all of Dickens and Pope's works.The Tell Tale Heart is a story about a man who seeks revenge on his childhood bully but in the end ends up killing himself. The Cask of Amontillado also portrays revenge and death. Peg. 3 Both writers also love to write stories about love. A Tale of Two Cities is a story about love, imprisonment and death. We can't forget about Great Expectations where Pip falls in love with Estella. Pip was crazy for Estella but Estella w as raised to break men's hearts. Poe pretty much is summarizing his life and feelings towards the love losses that occurred to him in his life.Probably the biggest comparison between the two writers is their way about writing about death. In the black cat, Pluto (the cat) is murdered by a drunk man. I don't know how someone can Just write about death. In David Copperfield the death of Davit's mother ends his schooling at crackles institutional. But wait there's more, in the haunted man, a chemist named Bedlam is an isolated scholar beset by his memories of the death of his sister and betrayal his best friend. As I started earlier Barney Rugged and the Masque of the Red Death also portrayed death.If anything these writers best works involved death. Another area where Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Dickens do compare in is theme. Byronic Romanticism is an example of this. The influence of Byronic Romanticism evident in Poe is also apparent in the works of Withering Heights. Poe and dicke ns both were able to use this very well in writing a good amount of stories. Fate is also a big part in the works of Dickens and Poe. In the Masque of the Red Death a plague is going through town within 30 minutes a person would die of the plague.The king tried to avoid the plague by staying in his castle until the plague cleared up or went away. But Fate had the advantage as it always does and King Prospers caught the plague and eventually died of it. In the Cask of Amontillado fate would strike as pay back when someone is killed for crossing his friend who told him not to cross him. Long Tory short fate caught up to him. Peg. 4 Poe and Dickens love to write about people getting murdered. The black cat a story about a cat who is murdered by a drunk man. In Great Expectations Pip's sister is killed.The Tell tale Heart a story about a plan to kill an old man but in the end the man who tried to kill the old man ended up killing himself. In Barney Rugged, Steward gets killed by the Gar dner. A Trial of Murder a tale of supernatural retribution with the murdered mans spirit returning to ensure his killers execution. I can go on and on with this. These writers Just have a fancy way for writing death Tories. Poe has crafted a tale about the perfect crime whose criminal goes unpunished and about a crime that haunts a murderer. This is their bread and butter.Death. While Poe and dickens compared in plot and theme they also did compare in setting. Their dark and gloomy atmosphere really helped shape how the story was going to go. Poe incorporated a gloomy atmosphere and melodrama into his works because he read gothic stories as a child. So pretty much that's where Poe got that idea from. In Barney Rugged he would set the scene at the Village of Caldwell an evening of foul weather. In the Pit and the Pendulum the setting is dark, dreary, and scary. Poe is considered to be the inventor of the detective fiction genre.Both Poe and Dickens have written many of short detectiv es or short mysterious mysterious visit to a distraught lover, tracing the man's slow fall into madness. The mystery of Edwin Drop is about repression and rebellion breaking out. The melancholy setting that both writers have created really makes reading their stories that much more interesting. Dickens tells about the cold wet shelter less midnight streets of London and the foul drowsy dens. The Tell Tale Hearts setting sakes it hard for me to read but it adds so much meaning to it.In the Raven, Poe establishes an atmosphere/ tone of darkness, melancholy, suspense, fear, and anxiety. The settings in their writings made their writing powerful and to me really set the standard for their type of writing. But all in all Poe definitely was the better writer hands down. Best of all time. Reality. -â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†. In conclusion I believe that Edgar Allan Poe is a better writer than Charles Dickens and in my opinion the best writer of all time. I Just feel that Poe was more m otivated to write than Dickens was. Poe went through so much in is life and his writings reflect that.