Doctor Faustus Essays: Dr. Faustus and the Christian Moral :: Doctor Faustus Essays

Dr. Faustus and the Christian Moral           In the play Doctor Faustus the main character sells his brain to the daimon and later dies and is sent to hell. A question that comes to mind when reading this book is, Does Doctor Faustus have a Christian moral? Even though he is persuaded to sell his soul to the devil he still may have round Christian beliefs. Some of the dialogue in the play gives several(prenominal) signals that tell the reader if Faustus has a Christian moral. The ethnic Studies method is shown in this paper because we are talking about someones beliefs or morals. In this play, Marlowe shows Dr. Faustuss religious beliefs.   In Act I, Faustus is given the chance to ask Mephostophilis whatever he wants to know. Faustus asks where hell is and he wants some information about hell. When the play starts Faustus is not scared of end and he later tells Mephostophilis I think hells a fable (Marlowe 43). You can also make the as sumption that he believes that the only place you go by and by you die is to heaven. Towards the end of the play he believes that heaven and hell exists and that you can spend eternity there. Faustus could be also thought of as an Atheist because during some of the acts of the play he denies that there is a God and he thinks of religion as a false ritual. Faustus even calls on God, Ah my God... I would weep, but the devil drains my tears(96). The part of the play that best describes his beliefs is right after he sells his soul to the devil and he deciding whether or not to repent. He states, My sum total is hardened, I cannot repent. Scarce can I name salvation, faith, or heaven. Swords, poison, halters, and envenomed my steel Are laid before me to dispatch myself.......I am resolved, Faustus shall not repent(45). When he does finally ask for forgiveness and wants to repent to God, he is denied and is forced to spend eternity in hell. The Cultural Studies method describes someones moral or beliefs. It can consort to other methods, but they are not as well described in this play. In the play we learn about what Faustus religious beliefs are and how it relates to Cultural Studies. The book was written during Shakespeares time and what they knew about Heaven or Hell is probably different than what we believe today.

How to be a Good College Student Essay -- College Education School Ess

How to be a Good College StudentCollege is a competitive environment in order to succeed in it a school-age child needs certain skills. Those skills can only be learned. A college professor mentioned that there five basic rules that need to be followed in order to become a corking student study, do all the homework and the assigned reading, attend class, and, close importantly, develop self-discipline and time management 1. In the following lines, a detailed analysis of those different steps will be done. So, lets get started. First, we mentioned study. A good student has to do study every(prenominal)day. Study involves reading the textbooks, understand them, be able to explain it to others and sometimes memorize the near important concepts. As a creature of habit, it is important to have a special place and a special time to study. A good student will try to find a peaceful place and also try to study during those times that he/she works best. While studying, a good stud ent can also use this time to do the homework and assigned reading. They are, most of the time, the application of what is covered in class. Personally, I study every day between the courses hours at the school library. This helps me to go over the last course I had, the next one that I would take and also do my homework. Then, we also mentioned the necessity to attend class regularly. There are two important reasons for that it will help in learning the material and also in getting familiar with the instructor. Know...

Computer Ethics Essay -- Ethics Morals Morality

As of September 2003, on that point were approximately 70 million Americans or about 62 per centum of the American population had at least one home data processor. Another statistic is that about 55% of people also have internet on there home data processors. In everyday life it is important for a person to have good ethics this is also true about computer usage. overdue to the fact that more then half of the American population owns computers, computer ethics are a growing concern in a quick changing society. Computer ethics can be broken down in to many topics including plagiarization, hacking, viruses, spam, phishing, and responsibility of use of software, cyber porn, and invasion of privacy and the use of the computer in the work indue. Also there are many issues both moral and professional that a person who uses a computer might face. buccaneering which by definition is reproduction, distribution and use of software without permission of the owner of copyright, poses s ome serious ethical problems. The free exchange of copyrighted materials is piracy as it undermines the ability of copyright holders (and their representatives) to control the sale and distribution of goods to which theyand only theyown the rights. Probably the best known and most widely practiced form of piracy is the distribution of copyright protected music files via popular file sharing programs such as Kazaa and Limewire. As bandwidth increases, the sharing of movies and television shows on the Internet is credibly to increase as well. Although file sharing is quite common, that does not mean it is okay.Another ethical problem with computers is hacking. Hacking is the computer equivalent of breaking and entering. A computer hacker uses his or her skills to gain unauthorized access t... ...rious consequences could surface which could ultimately lead to a loss of ones job. There are certain times and places were looking at at different websites is ok and other times were it is fairish not acceptable.As previously mentioned, computer ethics in some peoples eyes greatly changed based on were the computer you are on is located. There is a completely different set of ethics for work computers. Not only do ethics come into play in workplace with computer use but so do morals. It is very important for a person to be able to know the fine line between what is ok for work and what is not acceptable. This can vary from harassment through things like email to just visiting the wrong kinds of site. In my research I have found that many companies are actually coming up with ethical commandments for the work place to further define the line between right and wrong.

International Copyright Essay -- Intellectual Property Rights

The idea that an author of a literary wee has certain inalienable rights to his work has been an institution found on a national level in many countries for centuries. These rights have taken on different forms depending on the legal customs duty of the country where it is applied. In systems with a common law tradition, found on utilitarian ideals, the rights were referred to as copyright. In systems that relied on a civil law tradition, based on philosophical thought and the basic idea of a moral and natural order, the rights became to be known as authors rights and later grow to neighboring rights. Although these rights, and the laws that went along with them, developed in many countries around the same time in history international copyright would take substantially long-lasting to develop. International copyright law is an evolution of thought that has emerged after many years of international political communications between the many states of the world. The Statu te of Anne, created 1694 in England, was the worlds first copyright act. It was titled An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by vesting the Copies of Printed Books in the Authors or Purchasers of such Copies, during the Times therein mentioned (Goldstein, 5). The act gave anyone the exponent to gain copyright through the simple registration of their work and gave legal protection for a border of fourteen years from the date of original publication. This term could be renewed for an additional fourteen years if the author was still alive after the initial term of protection was over (Goldstein, 6). This became the foundation on which later copyright legislation would be built on. Authors rights developed in France, Germany, and several other states... ...ks CitedAgreement on Trade-Related intellect station Rights (TRIPS). Marrakesh. 15 April 1994. Print.Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works Paris Act. Paris. 24 July 1971. Print.Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their Phonograms. World Intellectual Property Organization. 29 Oct 1971. Print.Goldstein, Paul. International Copyright Principles, Law, and Practice. NewYork Oxford UP, 2001. Print.International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations. Rome Convention, 1961. Rome. 26 Oct 1961. Print.North American Free Trade Agreement. component part Six, art. 1701-1718.14. 7 Oct 1992. Print.Universal Copyright Convention. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 6 Sept 1952. Print.

Flowers for Algernon :: essays research papers

Medical operations are carried out e preciseday, but for some, an operation can change a persons life. One experiment was done on a mentally retarded person to try to raise his intelligence. The experiment worked, but after months, the patient regressed dramatically. In the book, Flowers for Algernon,this intelligence operation was preformed, and the patient was Charlie Gordon. After the operation, Charlie was very bright, but experienced psychological traumas, loneliness, disillusionment, and social inadequacies. After his operation, he remembered every aspect of his childhood, whether it was good or bad. Charlie had dreams of how his mother was ashamed of him. Charlies sister also snub him. To her, Charlie was dumb and could not do anything. Charlie had dreams of his sister yelling at him and making fun of him. He also had memories of the night his parents took him to the Warren Home. He was terrified and his pop music would never answer his questions. Charlie remembered his chi ldhood and through his memories, he felt guilty for hurting his family. In the bakery he used to have friends. Friends that would talk to him and share about him. Charlie then realized that he had no friends but merely knew community that made fun of him. The bakery employees just cared him because they could blame their mistakes on Charlie. Then, they could not do this after the operation, so they all turned against Charlie. Charlie felt like an lab specimen. Charlie had lost his friends and knew now he was just a like a lab rat. veryday Charlie lost a piece of himself. He would become mad at people very quickly and then yell at them. People stayed away from him because he was becoming unpredictable. Charlie lost his job because he was to smart to work in a bakery. He could not interact with people he worked with and the people he met. The "Charlie" inside of himself emerged and started to regain control of his mind. All in all, Charlie suffered from the pain of not know ing how to deal with his peers and decisions.

Flowers for Algernon :: essays research papers

Medical operations are carried out e reallyday, but for some, an operation can change a persons life. ane experiment was done on a mentally retarded person to try to raise his learning. The experiment worked, but after months, the patient regressed dramatically. In the book, Flowers for Algernon,this intelligence operation was preformed, and the patient was Charlie Gordon. After the operation, Charlie was very bright, but experienced psychological traumas, loneliness, disillusionment, and social inadequacies. After his operation, he remembered every aspect of his childhood, whether it was good or bad. Charlie had dreams of how his mother was ashamed of him. Charlies sister also ignored him. To her, Charlie was dumb and could not do anything. Charlie had dreams of his sister yelling at him and making fun of him. He also had memories of the night his parents took him to the Warren Home. He was terrified and his dad would never answer his questions. Charlie remembered his childhood and through his memories, he felt guilty for hurting his family. In the bakery he used to have friends. Friends that would talk to him and care about him. Charlie then realized that he had no friends but merely knew people that made fun of him. The bakery employees just liked him because they could blame their mistakes on Charlie. Then, they could not do this after the operation, so they all turned against Charlie. Charlie felt like an lab specimen. Charlie had lost his friends and knew straight he was just a like a lab rat. veryday Charlie lost a piece of himself. He would become mad at people very quickly and then yell at them. People stayed away from him because he was becoming unpredictable. Charlie lost his job because he was to smart to work in a bakery. He could not interact with people he worked with and the people he met. The "Charlie" inside of himself emerged and started to regain control of his mind. All in all, Charlie suffered from the pain of not perspicacio us how to deal with his peers and decisions.

Police Supervision

law SUPERVISION PSPOL 212 shield STUDIES IN POLICE SUPERVISION ELIZABETH DIAZ FALL 2012 POLICE SUPERVISION PSPOL 212 POLICE SUPERVISION CASE STUDY (2A) ELIZABETH DIAZ 10/14/2012 BACKGROUND Police ships incumbent Jacob Goulde is a member of the Town of Utopia Police Department. Hes a married father of two. Officer Goulde has had a very good track record in the nine years hes worked for the Utopia Police Department, further recently hes been observed making c beless mistakes and his behavior is increasingly disturbing to his supervisor, police sergeant Wentworth.During the last four or five months, Office Goulde has been turning in his reports late and with many mistakes. Hes called off from work repeatedly, and shown up late to several of his incumbrances, which is an unusual manikin for him. Hes missed an all-important(prenominal) squad impact simply because he forgot about it. Hes also forgotten his radio on the roof of his police machine, he drove off and the radio s ustained damage that amounted to over six hundred dollars ($600). After being confronted by Sgt.Wentworth in a get together between the two, Officer Goulde was evasive with his answers and confrontational toward his sergeant saying he was probably coming down with a cold or something as a way of explanation for his abnormal behavior. As a parting discover he said get off my back and left field the fiddleing suddenly. After being assigned desk work, Desk serjeant Katz also observed odd behavior from Officer Goulde on his tour. He brought it up to serjeant Wentworth who and so asked Desk sergeant Katz to put this in writing so that he can take a different course of action with Officer Gould.ISSUES Mainly the issues that reverberate this case argon the fact that sergeant Wentworth has observed all of this declining behavior from Office Jacob Goulde and has non immediately intervened to find out the cause of this extreme carriage shift. Sergeant Wentworth should not stir ha d an unofficial meeting with his officer, solely instead a more(prenominal) official gathering and offered support to the officer in night club to figure out what is causing all of these serious mishaps.Desk Sergeant Katz is also suffering from the passing the pip syndrome. After Officer Goulde was assigned desk duty on his shift, Sgt. Katz should have taken more extreme measures after discovering Officer Goulde drinking from a suspicious looking bottle and later smelling alcohol on his breath. Even though Officer Goulde isnt his immediate responsibility, in a police department everyone is responsible not alone of solving the crime but of holding all(prenominal) other accountable for their errors.SOLUTION (S) A police officer is held accountable to the full(prenominal)est degree of the law, but a supervisor is held at an even higher(prenominal) standard because theyre in charge of overseeing their subordinates. Sgt. Wentworth has failed to approach the issue when it first star ted, thitherfore not being proactive. Now, hes stuck with this issue and isnt barely sure how to follow suit. He must remember that he is the one in command and the one that needs to set rules and guidelines for the subordinates to follow.Perhaps giving the officer desk duty to be observed closely wasnt the best idea since he should have been the one to look more closely into this problem with his officer. Sergeant Wentworth should have made Officer Goulde go to mandatory counseling to help him with his problems, whatever they are. If he suffers from any sort of substance abuse or emotional distress, he would get the necessary help through the psych services offered by the department (EIU). Also, they have to set up a plan for the two to meet on a regular basis and discuss the effects of the therapy and map out a route with a mutual goal.If this problem persists, Sergeant Wentworth has to take the written report by Desk Sergeant Katz and go through the appropriate channels for a fo rmal hearing, that will somewhat force Officer Goulde to answer questions without allowing him any opportunity to walk out. He has already showd that he has no regard for his Sergeant by being evasive and walking out. Sergeant Wentworth has to become a democratic attraction in order to aid his subordinates with any problems theyre facing. POLICE SUPERVISION PSPOL 212 POLICE SUPERVISION CASE STUDY (2B)ELIZABETH DIAZ 10/14/2012 BACKGROUND Sergeant Wentworth is a sergeant at the Town of Utopia Police Department. After graduating high school and attending at the University of Pleasant, he took the exam for the Utopia Police Department and scored bet 3 which landed him a job in 1986. After his probation period ended, he was placed into one of the more productive squads. Sergeant Robert Hulett, who was known as an energetic workaholic, trained Wentworth. He scored number one on the entrance, sergeant and lieutenant examinations for the department.He was even better known for his abili ty to train and develop saucy officers. Wentworth was bright, quick to learn and had very high aspirations about becoming a great officer in this department and was grateful of being trained by Sergeant Hulett. Officer Shapiro has been an officer with the Utopia Police Department since 1971 and is assigned to Squad Z. He is known around the department for being a quiet man-to-man who worked at his own steady pace. The work he turned in contained errors but generally it was done pretty accurately and mostly on time.Sometimes, Officer Shapiros slow manner of declaiming and of working irritated his fellow officers and most of all Sergeant Wentworth, who needed him to respond a little more promptly to situations that needed attention. Officer Shapiros work attendance was fairly reliable though he never placed punctuality very high on his priority list. Shapiros absence last Monday however, caused a great deal of issues to his squad. Several officers had been sent to the Police Range for their firearms qualifications that left the squad oblivious handed for road patrol.Shapiro didnt call in until an hour after his shift was supposed to start, to say he wouldnt make it in to work. Sergeant Wentworth had to cover his shift after speaking to Lieutenant Dunbar, who express his disappointment with Wentworth about his mismanaging his staff. Lt. Dunbar became even more infuriated when he learned that the tasks assigned to Sgt. Wentworth had not been complete. Sgt. Wentworth summoned Officer Shapiro to his office on Tuesday and advised him that this situation needs to be rectified or there would be a formal complaint filed against him. ISSUESSquad Z and Sergeant Wentworth are having serious issues with the work performance of Officer Shapiro and the issues that have risen because of his erratic work attendance. Officer Shapiros slow work demeanor presents a serious contrast between the fast pace work environment of his squad. Officer Shapiros work attendance has caus ed serious issues not only for Squad Z but also for Sergeant Wentworth who was reprimanded by Lt. Dunbar. Sgt. Wentworth was forced to cover the shift of Officer Shapiro when most of the squad members were sent off for their firearms qualifications. Lt.Dunbar expressed his disappointment in Sgt. Wentworth for mismanaging his staff and not keeping proper track of the people he oversees. Although Officer Shapiros work is turned in and completed in a timely fashion, it still contains errors and he seems to be suffering from low work morale, which is why he seems unmotivated to be the best officer he can be. After discussing the possible repercussions of this continued behavior with Officer Shapiro he simply shrugged his shoulders and asked to be dismissed, a clear indication that he doesnt care or isnt intimidated by a threat of ormal complaints against him. SOLUTION (S) Sgt. Wentworth, as a supervisor has to have the ability to be a decision-maker and set up strict guidelines for his staff to follow. Also, have the correct attitude to train his subordinates. A supervisor cannot criticize his subordinates, but instead needs to force an atmosphere where his officers will want to work efficiently. Sergeant Wentworth has to create a work environment where there is high morale and his officers feel productive and united, and demonstrate he is capable of patience with training the subordinates.As a supervisor, he has to recognize the necessity of training employees because they are the organizations most important resource. Sergeant Wentworth should send officer Shapiro for a refresher-training course where his skills will be refreshed and reinforced, to ensure that he is performing to the best of his abilities. His skills play a very important role in the day-to-day smooth operations of his squad. Also, he should set up some time aside to review his work performance until he is satisfied they are up to department standards. POLICE SUPERVISION PSPOL 212POLICE SUPERV ISION CASE STUDY (3B) ELIZABETH DIAZ 10/14/2012 BACKGROUND As the squad supervisor for Squad Z, Sergeant Wentworth has been concerned with the poor performance of the squads officers and the recent drop in summonses and arrests. Sergeant Wentworth has been determined to improve the efficiency and military posture of his squad and as a result has decided to arrange a squad meeting and has placed it for the last day of the 84 tour of squad Z, to ensure that the whole squad will attend. This meeting is an open forum style to allow everyone to air his or her grievances.On the day of the meeting, Sgt. Wentworth opened the meeting by inviting everyone to voice their concerns about the reasons why theres poor performance and lack of productiveness coming from this squad. The first one to offer to speak was Officer Lockwood, who has always been someone hard to communicate with. According to Sgt. Wentworth she blames the supervisors for the lack of production from the squad. She went on to say that the faulty radar units purchased by the department are the reason for the decrease in summonses since theyre always in for repairs.She also expressed that it is the supervisors responsibility to provide their officers with working equipment. A remark by Officer Gardenia was very insensitive to Officer Lockwood, who left the room in tears and never returned. Next was Officer Griffin who has issues with several officers who do not clean out the squad cars, indeed called them sloppy pigs. Officers Goulde and Shapiro supported Griffins claims stating that maybe theyre dirty because supervisors fail to report them but they also took personal offense to Griffins name calling, which and so set off several exchanges about sexism and passing the buck.Sgt. Wentworth who had been quietly observing these exchanges said, This meeting was a mistake. Officer McBride, who is usually quiet, spoke and said that the supervisors never really listen to their complaints. She also went on to sa y that in several make theyve reported the faulty equipment, the conditions of the squad cars and that the morale on the squad has fallen dangerously low. Officer Griffin agrees with Officer McBrides claims saying he believes the supervisors are only interested in productivity and not listening to what they have to say.Sgt. Wentworth promised that he would take seriously the claims hes heard today. He then thanked Officer McBride for voicing her opinion and she stated that its only the tip of the iceberg and that there are other more serious things going on in this department than he realizes. She advised him to patrol the streets and check on what his officers are doing. ISSUES The main issues in this case study are the lack of productivity and decrease in arrests/summonses of Squad Z. There is an obvious underlying reason as to why this squads morale has taken a nosedive.Sergeant Wentworths demeanor during the squad meeting was unnerving. He should have never allowed Officer Gard enia to speak to Officer Lockwood in such a way. If his intention was to hear the issues of his officers then he should have never allowed these shouting matches to go on in his presence. Although Officer Griffins concerns were valid he shouldnt have let him go at it with Officers Goulde and Shapiro. Lastly, he shouldnt have said that the meeting was a mistake, thats not reflective of a leader. He shouldve considered that the meeting wouldnt just go smoothly.In fact, he shouldve prepared himself for several possible outcomes of the meeting, thats what a true leader does. Clearly there are serious issues that arent being handled by supervisors in order to restore morale and productivity to this squad. Sergeant Wentworth shouldve have undermined Sergeant McBride by telling her shed only been here a little while when she intended to give him further perspective about the real issues going on around the squad. Sgt. Wentworth needs to stop the buck here. SOLUTION (S) In order to solve th e issues that plague Squad Z, Sgt.Wentworth needs to sit down and make a plan that will show goals he wants for the squad and a time frame in which they must be done by. He has to consider the claims made by his officers and take them seriously. This is the moment when he has to become a Democratic Leader and seek ideas from his subordinates to ensure that these problems are eradicated. Sergeant Wentworth has to lead by example and treat his subordinates as colleagues, as jibe to trying to exert his will over them. He should make it mandatory that his officers attend a team-building seminar to bring his quad together and help them communicate with each other better and therefore making them better communicators toward their supervisors. Sergeant Wentworth seems to not take seriously the internal complaints of his officers, but this should be so. A supervisors job is to take serious and show importance to all complaints no matter how important or not they seem to him, because clearl y it is important to his subordinate. Sergeant Wentworth needs to work on paying close attention to these complaints, as they seem to be the start of the bigger issues.POLICE SUPERVISION PSPOL 212 POLICE SUPERVISION CASE STUDY (4B) ELIZABETH DIAZ 10/14/2012 BACKGROUND Sergeant Wentworth went out on patrol shortly after twelve midnight, when he observed two patrol cars parked side by side in an alleyway. After approaching the cars, he asked officer Shapiro and Ashford what they were doing outside their sectors. Officer Shapiro replied they were just talking about where they would meet up later in their shift, which is in clear violation of the regulations set forth by the Utopia Police Department.Sgt. Wentworth sent them both on their way. As he continued to patrol the town, he heard dispatch call patrol car 91 for several minutes. Without response, dispatch gave the call to patrol car 92, which was in a different sector. Sgt. Wentworth called headquarters and asked what was car 91s last known location and went in search of it. He tried to locate car 91 and the officer but neither could be found. Officer Ashford, of car 92, told the Sergeant that some cars went on to Castle Avenue to sleep.

Food Nation Essay

forage con nones more than than just an intake to be commensurate to sustain feel. It is a reflection of a myriad of culture existing in a society. Looking at f ar, one can see its miscellaneous fusions of cultural identities prepared to satisfy ones appetite. Food is a perfect example of a world that enters into the process of globalization where nations embrace the die hard of cultural exchange. Countries such as the United States and Italy are known for having diverse demographics. The diversity of its population brought influences into their nourishment as well.However, although both countries may have consolidated each others culture into their nutriment, there are still differences which make them distinct from each other such as how they handle and chance viands. The United States is one of the largest countries when it comes to its size and population. It has a wide variety of immigrants which flowed starting from the nineteenth century and as its population conti nues to grow, its culture has been as dynamic as its food (Counihan, 2002, p. 26). Large part of these immigrants later joined the American workforce as every parent became employed.The absence of either the mother or the father at family bed veered the majority of the population away from home-cooked meals. Eating out became an alternative for families to have their meals together and eating out means buying food from a restaurant (Schlosser, 2001, p. 4). From this concept of eating outside the confines of a home, the troubled food world was born. The term fast-food refers to a speedy availability of food, gain ground described as a provision of limited, standard menu with quick service (Royle & Towers, 2002, p. 190).Fast food became not just a way to postulate skipped meals at home but it turned out to be a lifestyle. The United States initially became known for its fast food because of the rise of popular food chains such as McDonalds and Burger King. Its convenience of havi ng ready-made food suits the lifestyle of people especially those who go to work early and go home late. Since there are a large number of working people in the United States, they flock to these restaurants to eat. Foods are being prepared in bulks to auspicate the huge numbers of customers.Most ingredients provided are de diered frozen. Cooking methods involved one or a couple of processes to guarantee its speed. Assembling ingredients in a line system like burger patties will be able to cook a dozen of it at the same time (Schlosser, 2001, p. 69). Some of the food ingredients only take adding hot water and its ready for preparation. Fast foods are usually packed in paper wraps, foil, and cartons. The materials of these wrappings are disposable which suites the people on-the-go to eat the food wherever they are.Despite the convenience brought about by fast food, healthier ingredients are being given up. As previously mentioned, ingredients are frozen which indicates that these a re not fresh and devoid of its natural healthy components with much more added fats. Since Americans are busy with work with no time to prepare food for them, fast food becomes the next available fast option. Italians, on the other hand, became the center of what should be a counterpart of fast food. A country rich in culture, its food gained renowned identity throughout the world. Just like in the United States, Italian food is a lifestyle.It is a lifestyle which extends to close interaction with families and friends in a laid-back environment dining and drinking wine (Parasecoli, 2004, p. xii). The relaxed atmosphere among most Italian household can be seen as a break from the political and social unrest that reign the Italian state during history. Italian food is famous for the cheese, the wine, and the pasta. Made from a wide array of ocean foods, vegetables, and meat Italian food is prepared picking up the fresh ingredients and served as a craft of art. Ricotta, for example, i s bought by locals straight from a shepherd on the day it is made (Harrison, 1989, p.17). Italians regard their food not just as an energy provider but as a medicine for the soul, one of lifes abiding pleasures (Harrison, 1989, p. 17). Most of the Italian foods are cooked in accordance with traditions and the food preparation varies from the various regions of Milan and Florence (Harrison, 1989, p. 143). Taking this traditional view of Italian cuisine, a movement was established to retain not just the traditional cooking of the Italians but also all traditional cuisines of the world. The Slow Food movement is primitively established as a counterpart of fast food.The idea of this movement is to make food from scratch in your own kitchen (Kummer, Cushner, & Schlosser, 2002, p. 10) rather than the processed conventionalised food at fast food chains. Just like Italian food, the movement aims to take food as a pleasurable experience offered by life in contrary to fast foods (Pollan, 2 008, p. 194). The Slow Movement suggests making food out of ingredients that are ideally grown in the backyard or farms, harvested, and cooked with other natural recipes. The people who eat the foods are not only consumers but co-producers as well.Just like the Italian food, this movement also promotes the pleasure of food eaten and shared communally (Pollan, 2006, p. 259). Though this movement proved to be promising, some may say that in contrast with fast-food, the Slow Food Movement is more expensive to obtain and to do. Since fast-food is more accessible and cheaper, the movement has been tagged as elitist and cannot be afforded by ordinary people (Kummer, et al. , p. 10). By its term of slow-food, this may not suit the lifestyle of most people coming from the working class due to the lack of time for food preparation.United States and Italy vary from the way they live their life with food. Though nowadays, some of their own cuisines have been inspired from one another. Their vi ews of food have a huge gap as the two nations came from different backgrounds and developed cultures that set them apart from each other. Their cuisine style and food preparation became significant in the world today and though different in principles, people enjoy it nonetheless.References Counihan, C. (2002). Food in the USA A Reader. bleak York Routledge. Harrison, B. G. (1989). Italian Days.New York Atlantic Monthly Press. Kummer, C. , Cusner, S. , & Schlosser, E. (2002). The Pleasures of Slow Food Celebrating Authentic Traditions, Flavors, and Recipes. USA Chronicles Books. Parasecoli, F. (2004). Food Culture in Italy. Connecticut Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. Pollan, M. (2008). In Defense of Food An Eaters Manifesto. New York The Penguin Press. Royle, T. & Towers, B. (2002). Labour Relations in the Global Fast-Food Industry. New York Routledge. Schlosser, E. (2001). Fast Food Nation The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. New York Houghton Mifflin Books.

Ready For New Achievements Essay

To begin with, through all the writing assignments that I have written so far, I have showed to have the qualification to come expose with good ideas. Thinking about possible reasons of the problem, consequences or even solutions to the topic, are all very important as the first bar to begin. For instance, while writing assignment number two, I started with questions to make us think how armed guards may non be prepared to work with children, and I listed detailed examples on how its consequences can affect the kids welfare.In doing so, it can make the readers think gravely, and realize that there is more to worry about over its shun consequences. In other words, deeply comprehending the topic helps to increase my and the readers critical thinking and develop better viewpoints and conclusions. Having good concepts, motivated me to write well-developed writings. At the same time, profound thoughts lead me to overthink about the topic and make me spend more time on my writings. H aving a lot of ideas to write about are sometimes not necessary.An example of this situation is my Kids With Better Futures midterm writing assignment. Since this was an in class paper, I had to come out with strong and good ideas quicker than usual, but I tend to write some run-on sentences. Moreover, I couldnt show all the ideas I had in that specific moment because of the time I dog-tired thinking about my main ideas. For example, I could also have written about my own experience as a child and how my parents have been a huge influence in my academic life, or how my environment and life style might affect the way The Western and Chinese parenting styles work.Lacking several(prenominal) ideas made me feel that I did not completely show my thoughts or even feelings about the topic, which I think is one of my biggest weaknesses. Nevertheless, this 263 ESL class has helped me to learn how I can organize my ideas in each paragraph and create good topic sentences. For instance, at the beginning of the course I did not know the moderate order in which I had to write out my main ideas.I used to just write what I had in my mind, without taking into account that I was missing the organization of each paragraph, starting from the main idea, the controlling idea, paraphrase, and examples in the conclusion. As a result, my first writing assignment did not turn out that strong. But now, I know how to properly and correctly construct my paragraphs, and how to focus on each paragraphs structure to make them look on the nose and clear. I took advantage of this class, learned as much as possible and I am completely prepared for the following levels.

Structures of Legal Restraint, Oh Police Powers in India

The Ibakkar Natarajan electric charge Part one of the Nanawti Commission report, probing into the Godhara incident in Gujarat, released last month has once once again opened the Pandoras Box oer logic of setting up interrogative sentence Commissions in the country. The report while giving clean chit to the Nargonndra Modi Government has support the theory of conspiracy, leading to a widespread criticism across the country. M each call it eye wash and other call it sponsored report. Communists pee-pee termed it a piecemeal and fabricated report, whereas content Democratic Alliance (NDA) calls it triumph of truth.Justice Nanawati report in fact contradicts the UC Banerjee report which also probed the Godhara incident. How a single incident draws two extreme conclusions? The two reports select raised a very debat able issue. What do judicial commissions, appointed by the various politicss to examine issues ranging from riots, s brush asidedals and assassinations to inter-state d isputes actually achieve? Critics of commissions say that their recent fib has been extremely spotty. Apart from taking inordinately long to deliver reports, they seldom achieve anything.Keeping apart from such allegations and counter allegations, the issue that has again come to forward is whether an interrogative commission can substitute criminal prosecution? Do these Commissions serve any purpose? Is it not an eye wash? Are these Commissions able to bring culprits to book? Are not Commissions of inquiry a waste of time and money? To at a lower placestand the entire issue, one has to discuss the Commission of Inquiry Act, 1952 itself. Before this Act came into being, the governments used to order an inquiry by executive notifications under Public Service Inquiry Act, 1850.Sometimes, they used to enact adhoc and temporary legislations too. To get wind the public demand for impartial and judicial inquiries, the Government of India came out with a comprehensive legislation, whi ch resulted into passage of this Commission of Inquiry Act, 1952. Since its enactment, the constitution of Inquiry Commissions has become a tool for the various governments to subside the public anger. Since Independence, more than a hundred Inquiry Commissions bear been set up, but a very few have served the purpose. And the reasons ar obvious.First, the provisions enshrined in this Act are not of deterrent in genius and secondly, most of the time the Commissions are set up under retired Judges for obvious reasons. Section 4 the Act provides for powers and it is clear that the Commission has no power to compel a person to adduce before it and tumble evidence. It cannot pass verdicts or judgments which could be enforceable. The helplessness is such that even if an offence has been committed in view of or in presence of Commission, the Commission postulate to forward the case to the Magistrate for trial as provided in Criminal single-valued function code.The appointment of reti red Judges, as head of the Commission is very much suitable for the government. It is not merely a chance that one Judge has headed more than one Commission. The public perception is such that these Inquiry Commissions are becoming post retreat placement schemes for the favourite retired Judges. We have a long list of such Commissions, which have made inordinate delay in submitting their reports. Many of them have taken decades in so called conducting inquiries and even then the report which was submitted were so voluminous that we required another committee to find out ays to implement the recommendations. For example, as more as ten Commissions or committees have so farthest been set up with regard to the anti-Sikh riots in Delhi after the assassination of former Prime parson Indira Gandhi. First of all it was the Marvah Commission headed by Additional Commissioner of Police Ved Marvah, that was set up in November, 1984. The Commission was about to finish the assigned task whe n it was abruptly wounded up in May 1985 and a new Commission headed by Justice Rangnath Misra was constituted. The new Commission was asked to carry out further inquiry hitherto done by the Marvah Commission.The Justice Ranganath Mishra Commission which was appointed under Section 3 of The Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1952, was asked to inquire into allegations of violence and not to inquire into the nature of violence, a departure from the terms of reference of over a dozen other commissions on communal disturbances since Independence. It is complimentary to mention that what has happened to reports and how much tot up have been spent on these exercises. Has any prominent leader been punished so far? Many persons, against whom leveled charges were being inquired into, have died.Such are the frustrating results of these Commissions and Committees. As far as time and money aspect of these Commissions are concerned, its enough to look into the expenses of undecomposed couple of Com missions to understand the quantum of impactboth in terms of the amount and time spent. The one that tops the chart is the Liberhan Commission. Set up under retired Justice M S Liberhan on 16 December, 1992 to probe into Babri mosque demolition, the Commission has so far been given more than 41 extensions. Overall the government has already spent Rs 90 million on this single man inquiry Commission, which is hitherto to come out with its report.Similarly, Justice B N Kripal Commission of inquiry was set up on 13 July, 1985 to probe into the bombing of the Air India public life 182 on 23 June, 1985 which led to the crash of this plane into the Atlantic Ocean leaving 329 passengers including crew dead. The Commission submitted its report after extensive tours of countries like Canada and regular army but when the prosecution began, nothing could be proved and none could be punished. The entire investigating and inquiry went in vain. It is needless again, to calculate the amount whi ch was spent on such inquiries.Phukan Commission was set up to probe the Tehelka expose into fictitious defence deals. Everyone saw the tape on television and the then Government just to avoid immediate legal course, set up this Commission. In May 2005 the Newsweek reported that Justice Phukan along with his wife and eight officials used IAF plane and went to Pune, Mumbai and Shirdi. The Ministry later on said that the Judge was not entitled to use the military plane and it was made available to him by the then government in order to regulate the Judge. Such allegations and incidents definitely erode public faith in such Commissions.The situation is such that every Government in power uses this provision to compel the retired judges. In Bihar for example, Justice Amir Das Commission was set up to probe into the alleged connections of political leaders with a banned outfit called Ranveer Sena in 1997. The Commission was finally wounded up in 2006 as it could hardly do anything exc ept for some tours and recording the statements some leaders in over eight years of its existence. Similar is the case of Justice Ali Ahmed Commission that was set up to look into excess withdrawal in 1996.In fact, very little is cognize about the outcome of the Commission, including the recommendations that it submited or the actions taken by it. Commission under Justice R C P Sinha and Justice Samsul was set up on Bhagalpur communal riot in 1989. Reports were submitted in 1995. But when the new government came to power it set up N N Singh (retired Justice) Commission to investigate the number again. In 2008 a Commission under retired judge Sadanand Mukherjee was set up to probe into the Kahalgaon police firing. This commission is still a non starter vis-a-vis investigation of the incidence.Not to miss the fact that when the recent breach in Kosi embankment that caused a major flood in Bihar led to lot of allegations and counter allegations, the state government was fond to cons titute a Commission under Rajesh Walia, again a retired Judge to probe into it. And while there is no bias against the judiciary or the retired judges, who are a content repository of knowledge as far as judicial matters are concerned, the question needs to be examined is whether a Commission can substitute the countrys criminal investigation system.How can a Judge be better equipped to do forensic test, do scientific investigations than a professionally trained police officer? Has the Commission power to make arrests to the persons likely to tamper evidences? The answer to these and many such questions has been provided by a two Judge commission itself. Set up by in 1987 to investigate the Fairfax Deal, the Justice Thakkar and Natarajan Commission in its report have said that the Commission of Inquiry Act was ineffective and toothless. They two, in fact, devoted one full chapter on the inadequacies of this Act.It is important to note that India has a criminal justice system, which is ground on the twin pillars of investigation and dispensation of justice. How can the Judiciary be asked to do the work of investigation, which is the work of the State as enshrined the law of the land? The Criminal Procedure Code and for that matter entire Criminal Justice System is erected on this principle (Article 50 of Chapter IV on Directive Principles of State Policy) and perhaps it is out-of-pocket to this principle, that the judiciary and executive have been completely separated in 1973, when the Code of Criminal Procedure was amended.Besides, most of these Commissions, after years of its investigation, usually submit reports that are so voluminous that it again requires some committees to suggest measures to implements the recommendations. Not to talk about the fact that such reports are not obligatory and mandatory for the government to implement. It is also worthwhile to mention here that the Judiciary in India is an independent system and that is precisely the reas on why Article 220 restricts practise by retired Judges. The stem is that there should not be any scope, whatsoever, of favour or disfavour by the serving Judges.By appointing the retired Judges in these Commissions or for that matter in any other body tends to clearly violate the spirit of the Constitution itself. What is more shocking is that instead of modernising and equipping the investigating agencies to probe into such serious issues of national shame, the country has been a mere spectator to the cosmetic make ups. In India, every one knows about the normal pace of the court proceedings, and so all these commissions, needless to say have virtually become black holes.

Culture of Armenia †history, people, women, beliefs, food, customs Essay

(I am trying to make art that relates to the deepest and most mythic concerns of humankind and I believe that, at this moment of history, feminism is humanism. Judy Chicago, 1990)Armenian traditions and culture do an Armenian woman un competent to work outdoors of their homes for several decades. As women were say to marry at very young ages there was no need for own(prenominal) and professional growth except being excellent households. In the prototypic stage (0-19 years) of their lives, they were dependent financially on their families, especially fathers, after that they were depended on their husbands. As lives of many of Armenian girls were already decided before they were born, there was no room for pedagogy and career. However, even in that kind of situation, there were several motives for pushing women to education and workforce. Industrialization and technology development were some of those reasons. So, we may say that women were not utilized altogether by the lodg e, thats way with the development the role of women in the family decreased hence increased in the society. And as women started to place the workforce and get out of their home comfort zone, the need for secure rights and respect increased by them. So, wherefore it was not important to ingest rights within the family? Here come tradition and culture. Armenian women were always thought from their young ages, that family is the most valuable thing that can happen in their lives and family wife, the mformer(a) must(prenominal) always sacrifice their happiness, dreams and overall lives to build a strong and child-friendly environment within their families. As families were big (6 10 members) there was no time remaining for the women to think rough their long-term goals and dreams. They were entirely taken by day-to-day household activities and childs upbringing, however, I personally think that if girls were taught about other values from younger ages, the society would change itself even with very little steps. It is a cyclical system and all starts from the childhood.thither is another argument, that we may as well consider women were accepted as the tool of continuing the nation with next generation. Women were blamed when they were not hook up with because they will not be able to project a birth to a child, especially a boy. And those women who decided not to marry were forced to wear old, black clothes and they needed to cover their faces. There is another crucial fact, as many towns and villages couldnt provide a primary education mothers were supposed to teach their children as well. So, the way that childs brain and imagination will be shaped was in the hand of their mothers. At the first glance, we may think that women in poverty or girls who were married by force were the main engine of driving the society into feminist ideas. Because they were the ones who had no voice in the family and society, most of their husbands migrated to other town s to make money. In villages especially, women were in public harassed for their speech in front of another man. However, the history showed us that feminists were from the elite class of the society, we can see lots of cases two in Armenia and worldwide. So, why were feminists from the highest social class, if they could retain anything that they needed? There are several reasons for that, but in this paper, I will consider just two of them being able to afford higher education free time.A skinny education has always been an expansive experience. Even now, when almost every city has its own schooling and at least one university, for graduating you need to pass water money. What about 19th centuries? When peck started to value the education and affluent families were seeking to give their children the best education, both for their status and for their next generations welfare. Graduates from all institutions that provided higher education were from wealthy families. And only the most wealthy families will spend money for their missys education. From that institutions, girls got only knowledge but a dream of getting more than just having husbands and children. They wanted to use their talents and knowledge to change something in this world. statement educate people to move forward and always take into account ones individual ways of thinking, sometimes feelings and even just lore when making decisions. However, all these cannot be integrated into typical Armenian Familys daily identification number. Most of the decision was made by the man and sometimes neer advised with the women. Even if the issue is really crucial and important for familys future. So, the women are a subordinate, just an active resource that can be utilise based on mans decision. Some people argue that while the feminist movement sure as shooting opened up jobs and opportunities available to women, it at last harmed women, children, and family because it devalued motherhood. I would agree with some part of this statement, however, I will change a word in it As the feminist movement certainly opened up jobs and opportunities available to women, it ultimately changed women, children, and family because it devalued patriarchal families.With the increase of women in the workforce the birth rate decreased. And women got less time to provide to their personal lives and more importantly number of children born by a single woman decrease.When women cquired greter clss sttus and power without conducting themselves differently from mles, feminist politics were undermined. Middle- nd lower-middle clss women who were suddenly compelled by the ethos of feminism to enter the workforce did not feel liberated once they fced the hard truth that working outside the home did not mean work in the home would be equally shred with mle partners. So, what is the reason? Is there any dissolvent that could combine a working mother and more children in one family? Yes, in my poi nt of view, there is one. If the life of a woman changes during decades, a routine of man was stable. They havent met any crucial changes in their daily routines and plans with this development. And here is the p hustlelem. If the father took some of the womens activities and concerns within the family, everything would be balanced. Because the woman changes entirely after having a child, and in the workplaces, it is not always guaranteed that women could get her job back after maternity leave. Some countries found the solution paternity leave. Fathers have equal rights to get leave for the newborn baby, and the problem is somehow solved.So, how is this connected to social status? Women from higher social classes have the opportunity of choosing. It can be just an ability to choose a dress or choose a life partner. Along with this, they have more time available (they have servants) for their own interests, so instead of doing household activities they are building their personalitie s and constructing their own lives. There are lots of theoretical accounts of wealthy feminists from the history both worldwide and in Armenia. One of the most famous Armenian feminists was Serbouhi Dussab. She was a good example of well-educated, self-confident Armenian women. She was well-known in her time because she had a social status, and it made her voice to be heard. In the traditional Armenian society, it was not always easy to express your opinion as an individual, especially in novels. In her routine novel (Siranush, published in 1884) she talked about family life, marriage and womens right in Armenian families. She stepped into the sphere that was never touched deeply by women. any question, especially regarding genders, have at least two viewpoints, and it is not always to be in the middle. Women should look into the question of gender equality with a cold heart and sharp mind, or else feelings will make a decision instead of them. This is what we can see in writings of Ms. Srbouhie Dussab. However, in Armenian society women were not only making a difference in literature but also found several charitable funds and organizations, which changed the societys way of thinking step by step. Some of those organizations were The School-Loving Ladies Society, founded in 1979 by Ms. Nurik Simanian, Ms. Taguhie Paltazarian, and Mrs. Armaveni Minassian. The goal of the society to promote education of Armenian girls and train teacher for provinces, set private free schools for Armenian girls Education-loving Ladies, founded in 1880 and societys goal was to take care of poors, orphans, widows Union of girls and young men founded in 1919, an example of joint man and woman organization and Armenian Womens Association founded in 1919, aimed to contribute to Armenian womens moral intellectual, material and physical development, gear up cooperation between all Armenian women, use Armenian potential to promote the Armenian Cause.The Armenian womens charitable society of Tiflis Was the largest and long-lived womens organization. On 4th of December, 1879 114 ladies gathered in the conference hall of the Mariamian-Hovnanian girls school, organized fundraising, raised 407 rubles for sending to Constantinople. On 31st of December, 1881 Societys Charter was adopted. accord to the Charter, the goal of the Society was to promote the education of womena. by opening and maintaining a private school for females at its own costb. by supporting insular schools for females with its own funds as well as by assisting those women that wish to become teachers in parochial schools.The society also granted scholarships for unmarried women to demand education or medicine. Within first 10 years, Society organized 11 balls, 6 performances, 3 concerts, 2 public lectures, all of which proved preferably successful as fund-raisers.One of the most memorable organizations was Armenian Society Meghu in TiflisMeghu decided to stop poverty by waging war against wome ns unemployment. First, there was the issue of cheap labor. The number of job-seekers is constantly on the rise and fear of starvation forces workers to accept lower wages. Second, there was a danger of the fracture of living at the expense of someone elses labor.The founders of the Society divided those living at someone elses labor into two groups, evil-doers or robbers, and beggars. A beggar with his rags and nakedness does the same thing as a robber beggary, too, is a trade and a mask, which can be used to peacefully rob someone without running any risk.A power was needed that would help them at the time of despair and would encourage them. The class came to the conclusion that the existing charities were uneffective to fight against a huge force of economic crisis. Those women came up with an idea of establishing a purely democratic association that would be able without hurting peoples self-respect to provide the unfortunate victims of our materialistic age, especially women .Armenian female workers are the most oppressed, ill-used and exploited social class because, on the one hand, of their shyness and, on the other hand, of the overall economic situation. Women earned their living with home-craft (ex. sewing, and they would make kopecks).The Society set a goal of establishing the House of report (workshops) and of assisting in promoting the cause of eliminating illiteracy of poor women. Workshops, such as dress-making, dry-cleaning, cardboard, artificial flowers, basketry, cooking. For 13-17 years old-sold girls society opened a school. The final decision was that only girls that have a level of knowledge equal to the graduates of the parochial elementary school shall be admitted to the school at the Meghu House of Work.As mentioned before, a good education and self-confidence can have a cyclical effect and attract more women to take their lives in their hands. Maybe the engines of feminism revolution were a wealthy woman, but they helped the societ y to understand the importance of equality in every sphere of life. They changed the world by writing novels, founding organizations, societies, and schools. Importance of a good education is rising day-by-day and feminists have a huge role in it by their activities. They brought the problems of women from top to the lives of people and made middle- and low- social class women to think about their futures by themselves.

Reading Level of Grade Three Pupils at Luis Mirasol Memorial School Essay

The current issue being faced today by most educators is that during enrolment, some pupils who be promoted in Grade trine be still considered as non- evidenceers. concord to Arnold Peralta (2006), enabling the child to take in Grade 1 and 2, the primary lay is very necessary. It is in this stage that the habit of breeding should be substantial. If a child give not be able to read, understand what he reads and developed the habit of denotation, he/she can hardly deposit it in the high cliques.According to Businessdictionary. com, discipline grade direct means number assigned to the aim of complexity of a drill material, it equates to a given level of shoaling, For example, a discipline grade level of seven means the interpret material is mean for a seventh grade student. In the field of fosterage, this concept is very important in determining pupils progress in reading. According to Juan Miguel Luz (2007), Grade Three (10 years old) is a critical year in terms o f formal training.Before school duration Year 2012-2023 preschooling is neither compulsory nor recrudesce of the package of light public discipline guaranteed by the Constitution, Grade Three marks the third full year of basic culture for children who allude public elementary school and the year when the facility to read, write, and do the four doings of arithmetic with competence is expected. (Less than 20 percent of those who go to public elementary school actually attend a full year of preschool education).Dropping out before this grade level thus makes a major contributor to the lack of functional literacy, which in turn has a negative impact on adults and their eventual work productivity. This is assuming, of course, that by the end of Grade 3 (or the third year of formal regular schooling), the childrens competence in the three Rs atomic number 18 being h hotshotd fully. But seeing it, that may not be happening in far besides many schools. Furthermore, since they use uped the basic skills in reading during their previous grades, they are expected to be a good reader when they reach Grade Three.However, in that respect are many pupils who are still considered as non-readers. Stothard & Hulme (1996) described reading as the interaction of two distinct processes, decoding and comprehension. For skilled readers decoding is a highly automated task. Skilled readers can focus their attention on comprehension of the novel material. rugged ability readers typically have difficulties field of viewing and reading from expository textual material (Helwig, Almond, Rozek-Tedesco, Tindal, & Heath, 1999). Readers with robust communicative ability skills are more likely to analyze new information and draw inferences than their peers with low verbal ability.DepEd intensifies reading literacy in schools by enforcing the policy called Every Child A Reader (the Education Post Vol. 21, No. 1). Undersecretary Bacani said the new policy preys to make every Fi lipino child a successful reader at the end of Grade 3. The undersecretary is expecting that no pupil will be promoted to higher grades unless he or she manifests mastery of the basic literacy skills in a particular grade (Arnold Peralta,2006). The researchers presupposed factors to consider in eradicating or minimizing non- readers in every school.Among this are children who have pass less term in reading, their father and baffle educational advance, type of pre-school attended whether in public or private, and monthly family income. This is get downd by the influence of the late world, and parents inability to monitor the childs progress because they are preoccupied with their chosen job. Some children choose to hang around malls, play computer or video games, or watch cartoons and consider reading as part of school activities that need to be forgotten during their spare time. (Arnold Peralta,2006)On the otherwise hand, this is perchance caused by parents low educational science, and the absence of any reading and educational materials in their headquarterss. According to Arnold Peralta (2006), the parents role is very important in helping increase their childrens habits. They must be involved in any activity to improve their childrens reading ability. That is why, in relation to this, the researchers aim to conduct a get a line that shall determine if such factors have indeed some kind of influence with the knowledge Level of Grade Three pupils of Luis common sunflower Memorial School.Statement of the Problem This take apart will be conducted to determine the Reading Level of Grade Three Pupils at Luis Mirasol Memorial School. Specifically, this study aims to 1. Describe the respondents socio-economic characteristics in terms of educational acquirement of the father , educational progression of the generate, and the monthly family income,type of pre-school attended, and number of hours fatigued in reading 2. Determine the reading level of th e respondents 3.Determine if there is a relationship amid the respondents socio-economic characteristics such as educational attainment of a father, educational attainment of mother, monthly family income, and type of pre-school attended and number of hours spent in reading of the respondents. Research Hypotheses 1. There is no remarkable relationship between the respondents socio-economic characteristics such as educational attainment of a father, educational attainment of mother, monthly family income, and type of pre-school attended, time spent in reading and the reading level.Theoretical theoretical accountThis study is based on various theories on reading level According to the theory of reading as defined by (Henry,1986) that it must deal with huge clutch of issues and account for a wide range of behaviors and capabilities. Reading occurs when a child has developed sufficient decoding skills. Decoding is the ability to decipher printed terminology into meaningful spoken language. More specifically, decoding refers to the skill at which one is able to recognize sound, individual phonemes in a printed or written rule book and then length and those phonemes to form the sound of the word by (Adams 1990)NRP,2000National Researcher Council,1998)Philip Gough and Wesley Hoover (1990) describe a theory called simple review of reading, a theory that supported that decoding is necessary for reading level success. This view asserts that weaknesses in reading decoding will result in weak reading. According to (Moats 1999, p5). Reading is the fundamental skill upon which all formal education depends. Research now shows that a child who does not learn the basics wee is unlikely to learn them at all. Any child who does learn not to learn to read-early and will not easily master other skillsand knowledge and unlikely to ever flourish in schools or in life.According to (Kantawala, 1980) states that, the higher the socioeconomic status the better the reading attitu de, according to him students of small size family had a more favourable reading attitude than those of large families. Due to the lack of independent reading student may not have developed the overconfident attitude towards reading. Conceptual Framework Reading level is one of the problems of teachers and parents with regards to their pupils and children.As parents become worried on the reading level of their sons and daughters many of them are unaware of the factors which may significantly change such occurrence. These pupils on the other hand, who have delayed reading level, frequently, consider reading a task for them to study. In this study, Monthly family income, Preschool last attended, while spent in reading serves as the Independent Variables while Reading level serve as the helpless Variable. In terms of Monthly Family Income the researcher suppose that those respondents with a higher monthly family income are expected to have a high reading level.In terms of Pre-scho ol last attended, researchers believe that those pupils who obtain schooling in private pre-school than in public are expected to a have high reading level. In terms of Time spent in reading, the researchers believe that those who spent much time in reading are expected to have high reading level. Independent variable 1. Socio-economic characteristics * Educational attainment the father * Educational attainment the mother * Monthly family income 2. Type of school where pre-school education was obtained * Public * Private 3.Time spent in reading Dependent variable Reading Level Figure 1. A Schematic diagram showing the relationship between the Independent and Dependent Variables. Definition of Terms To return a frame of understanding for some(prenominal) the researchers and readers to facilitate correct interpretation of the results of the study, the following term were defined Educational Attainment of Father this pertains to the highest level of instruction, obtained in an insti tution of encyclopedism by the father. It is classified as elementary, high school or college.Educational Attainment of engender this pertains to the highest level of instruction, obtained in an institution of learning by the mother. It is classified as elementary, high school or college. Monthly Family Income. This refers to the come gross income of the pupils family per month and is further classified into steep (Php 5000 and above), Average (Php2500 and above), Low (1500 and below). Pre-school last attended. Type of school where pre-school education was obtained whether it is in Day Care Center or Pre-Elementary Public School. Time Spent in Reading.This refers to average time not less than 80 to 100 minutes of independent or shared reading per week by the pupils. Reading Level- reading will be measured by using the IRI assessment and the respondents will be ranked through Frustration level, Instructional Level, Independent Level. Scope and Limitation of the meditate This st udy aims to determine the factors relate to the Reading Level of Grade 3 pupils at Luis Mirasol Memorial School during the School Year 2012-2013. This study will be conducted at Luis Mirasol Memorial School for convenience of both the researchers and the respondents.The Grade 3 pupils were selected as respondents of this study. The information needed in this study will be gathered using a self-administered questionnaire structured by the researchers. Furthermore, the interview and questionnaire will use to test the reliability of the research creature. This study would be more veritable if it covers a larger scope and if more respondents will be involved. But this will overly mean more effort, time and money that the researchers despondently lack. entailment of the study.The results of this investigation are expected to be highly beneficial to the following Central Philippine UniversityCollege of Education. As an educational institution that hones every individual to become suc cessful professionals in the future, the problem would be beneficial to the College of Education for the outreach center in the field study, to plan out certain programs, and strategies for the Luis Mirasol Memorial School as a union of Central Philippine University. Luis Mirasol Memorial School.If this study proves to be beneficial as a means of basis and standards, teachers will be able to find new ways and strategies on how to improve the reading level of their pupils. Parents. As the legal guardians of the children, the results of this investigation would serve as a stimuli towards their awareness on the factors that affect the reading level of their children. Furthermore, this study would initiate them to be more involved to follow up their children at home with partnership to the teacher and open line communication for the development of their children. Elementary Pupils.Whenever proven that the course credited factors have something to do with the Reading Level of the pupil s, the pupils themselves can learn and even do something to counteract negative impact caused by such factors as to their reading skills. Researchers. The outcome and conclusions drawn from this study will be beneficial to other researchers as a guideline for future studies. Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Educational Attainment of both Parents and Reading Level Research on parenting also has shown that parent education is related to a warm, social climate in the home. Klebanov et al.(1994) found that both mothers education and family income were important predictors of the physical environment and learning experiences in the home but that mothers education alone was predictive of parental warmth. Likewise, Smith et al. (1997) found that the association of family income and parents education with childrens academic performance was mediated by the home environment. The mediation effect was stronger for maternal education than for family income. Thus, these authors posited th at education might be linked to specific exploit behaviors in the home (e. g. , reading, playing).Preschool Attended and Reading Level Preschool helps children to use their minds by knowing where the child means also knowing how his mind deals with the activities of the curriculum and other experiences in the early years. Mental operation most relevant for early education can be grouped into 3 major areas perception, memory and problem solving. According to Maria Montessori, early education has an indispensable role in the whole personality of the child. The stage of human development from 0-6 years is the stage of the most absorbent mind and the critical effect of a child.This stage is the most sensitive period in the life of the child that needed a wholesome, healthful and rich background. If a child fails in reading during the primary grades, his chances for success in any other academic area are greatly reduced. It is therefore essential that a pre-school program for children do all it can to ensure that the children will succeed in reading when they enter school. (http//onlineacademics. org/ReadingDiagnosis. html) Preschool improves childrens problem solving abilities for elementary school.Educational advocates recognize early childhood education, during the preschool years, as among the most enduring and beneficial services a community can provide for its children. Some parents choose to delay formal education until kindergarten, instead instructing their children in reading readiness tasks and offering enrichment classes at home. Children who arent offered these opportunities, whether at home or in a formal school setting, complete below their kindergarten classmates in reading and social readiness. (W. Steven Barnett January 2006).According to a study by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, children who attended preschool scored at a higher reading level than children who did not attend preschool. Even if they couldnt read, exposu re to reading, books and itemisationening to stories resulted in higher levels of letter and number recognition. When introduced to numbers and letters during kindergarten, children who attended preschool already had conceptual and visual familiarity, making it easier for them to make sense of written words. This advantage in reading comprehension and ability continued through age 15. Time Spent in Reading and Reading Level.(U. S. Department of Education, 1986) have recently reiterated the assertion that time spent reading at school and at home is an important facet of a reading program. Despite the perceived importance of time spent reading, a number of studies have found that intermediate grade students spend relatively little time reading at school or at home. It has been well documented that, in general, the amount of time that students are engaged in academic tasks during the reading period at school is positively correlated with gains in reading achievement (Brophy & Good,198 6 Fisher et al. , 1980 Stallings & Kaskowitz, 1974).At the alike(p) time, however, many activities besides silent reading occur during the reading period (Anderson et al. , 1985). Consequently, studies on general student engagement during the reading period do not provide direct evidence of a meaningful relationship between time spent on silent reading and reading achievement. A few studies have supported the assertion that time engaged in silent reading is an important determinant of elementary students reading achievement. Greaney (1980) found a positive relationship between the amount of time spent reading at home and the reading achievement of elementary-age children.In effect, the assertion that time engaged in silent reading at school and at home is important for childrens reading growth has little empirical support the literature contains amazingly few studies that have actually found significant relations between time engaged in silent reading and gains in reading achieveme nt for intermediate grade students. In fact, Wilkinson et al. (1988) and Anderson et al. (1988) have recently bemoaned the paucity of evidence. Thus, in the present study we focus on the relationship between reading and achievement gains.We attempt to provide data directly relevant to the policy question of whether or not elementary teachers and administrators should advocate students devoting more time to silent reading at school and at home. Synthesis of Review of Related Literature The Related Literature presented above revealed that there are certain existing factors related to the Reading Level of the pupils in an educational institution. It was mentioned by Klebanov et al. (1994) that education of parents and family income were important predictors of the physical environment and learning experiences in the home.Likewise, Smith et al. (1997) found that the association of family income and parents education with childrens academic achievement was mediated by the home environmen t. The pre-school program for children do all it can to ensure that the children will succeed in reading when they enter school (Maria Montessori). This serve as a foundation to their basic learning during their elementary grades.The time spent on reading has been beneficial to children who read during their free time. It has been well documented that, in general, the amount of time that students are engaged in academic tasks during thereading period at school is positively correlated with gains in reading achievement (Brophy & Good,1986 Fisher et al. , 1980 Stallings & Kaskowitz, 1974).Chapter III METHODOLOGY This chapter presents a description of the Research Design, locale of Study, Sampling Population, Research Instrument, Data accumulation Procedure and Data Analysis. Research Design The non experimental Design, Specifically the One shot survey was used in this study since it is the most appropriate attempt in collecting the prescribed data.This design is suitable for the coll ection of descriptive information about the population or subjects of the study. Moreover, the design requires data to be unruffled once and it also utilized when the objective is describe a situation or condition of a study population as it exist. Locale of the Study The data and information needed in this study was obtained at Luis Mirasol Memorial School, for the convenience of both the respondents and the researchers. The locale is also appropriate, as it can befit all the respondents of the study. Respondents of the Study.All of the Grade III pupils from Luis Mirasol Memorial School will be taken as respondents of this study. Census of the total population from the mention institution will be formally obtained with proper permission from the Schools Principal with the total 70 respondents. Data Gathering Instrument The information needed in this study will be gathered using self-administered questionnaire and to be structured by the researchers. It consists of four partsThe f irst part of the instrument will asks about the Educational Attainment of both Parents, the second part pertains to theFamily Income of the respondents, the third part will asks about the Type of Pre-school the respondent attended, and the fourth part is the number of hours that the respondents spent in reading. Data Processing and Analysis The data in this study will be subjected to computer processed statistics using the SPSS (Statistical software for Social Sciences) Program. A coding manual was prepared for easy facilitation of the data.In order to achieve the goals of the study, Descriptive Statistics which included the mean and Inferential Statistics which included the frequency count and percentage of the results was used. CHAPTER IVFINDINGS AND DISCUSSION The following are the results of our study conducted during the summer of 2012. We interviewed 53 students and the results show that when the respondents are grouped according to educational attainment of the father, the r esults are Table 1. Distribution of Respondents According To Educational Attainment of the Father EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE FATHER Frequency (F) share % Valid Percent additive Percent Elementary 4 7. 5 7. 5 7. 5 High School 15 28. 3 28. 3 35. 8 College Level 6 11. 3 11. 3 47. 2 College Graduate 28 52. 8 52. 8 100. 0 Total 53 100.0 100. 0 In table 1, out of the 53 respondents, legal age of their fathers are college graduate, 28 in total which cook up 52. 8% of the total population, followed by fathers who are high school graduates 15 in total, which pay off 28% of the total population. College level fathers and Elementary graduate are the bottom two, 6 and 4 in total respectively and comprise 11. 3% and 7. 5% of the total population. The data shows that the degree of educational attainment of mother does not affect the reading level of the pupils.Table 2. Distribution of Respondents According To Educational Attainment of the MotherEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE MOTHER Frequency (F) Percent % Valid Percent % cumulative Percent % Elementary 6 11. 3 11. 3 11. 3 High school 15 28. 3 28. 3 39. 6 College level 11 20. 8 20. 8 60. 4 College graduate 21 39. 6 39. 6 100. 0 Total 53 100. 0 100. 0 In table 2, the data shows that out of the 53 respondents, majority of their mothers are college graduate, 21 in total which comprise 39. 6% of the total population, followed by mothers who are high school graduates 15 in total, which comprise 28. 3% of the total population.College level mothers and Elementary graduate are the bottom two, 11 and 6 in total respectively and comprise 20. 8% and 11. 3% of the total population. The data shows that the degree of educational attainment of mother does not affect the reading level of the pupils. According to____________________________________________? Table 3. Distribution of Respondents According to Monthly Income MONTHLY INCOME Frequency (F) Percent % Valid Percent % Cumulative Percent % 5000 and above 23 43. 4 43. 4 43. 4 1501-4999 20 37. 7 37. 7 81. 1 1500 and below 10 18. 9 18. 9 100. 0 Total 53 100.0 100. 0 come in of the 53 respondents, majority of them have monthly net income above 5000, 23 in total which comprise 43. 4% of the total population, followed by those who have monthly income ranging from 1501 to 4999, 20 in total, which comprise 37. 7% of the total population, and lastly those who have monthly net income higher than 15000 comprised 18. 9% of the population, or 10 respondents. This data shows that According to Table 4. Distribution of Respondents According Type of Preschool Attended PRESCHOOL ATTENDED Frequency (F) Percent % Valid Percent % Cumulative Percent % Public 51 96.2 96. 2 96. 2 Private 2 3. 8 3. 8 100. 0 Total 53 100. 0 100. 0 Out of the 53 respondents, majority of them have finished their preschool in public schools, which comprise 51 respondents or 96. 2% of the entire population. The remaining 2 or 3. 8% went to private schools. This data shows that? __________________________ According to_______________________? Table 5. Distribution of Respondents According Time Spent in Reading TIME SPENT IN READING Frequency (F) Percent % Valid Percent % Cumulative Percent % one hour a day 26 49. 1 49. 1 49. 1 two hours a day 5 9. 4 9.4 58. 5 three hours a day 2 3. 8 3. 8 62. 3 one hour in a week 5 9. 4 9. 4 71. 7 three hours in a week 2 3. 8 3. 8 75. 5 Less than one hour a week 13 24. 5 24. 5 100. 0 Total 53 100. 0 100. 0 Out of the 53 respondents, majority of them spent one hour a day in reading, 26 in all or 49. 1%, followed by those who read less than an hour a week, 13 in all or 24. 5%. Those who read two hours a day and one hour a week are both tied which comprise 9. 4% of the population or 5 respondents in all. Same is in those who read three hours a day and three hours a week, both 2respondents responds positively comprising 3. 8% of the population.This data shows that? __________________According to_______________? When gr ouped according to the raw scores in Filipino reading comprehension test we get the following results SCORES IN FILIPINO Valid 53 Missing 0 Mean 78. 58 Median 80. 00 path 80 Std. Deviation 4. 050 Minimum 59 Maximum 83 The range of the scores in Filipino exam is from 59 to 83, 59 being the last and 83 the highest, with a mean score of 78. 58, mode and median at 80 and with a standard deviation of 4. 050.(Complete table is shown in Appendix A Table 1) When grouped according to the raw scores in English reading comprehension test we get the following results SCORES IN position Valid 53 Missing 0 Mean 42. 21 Median 44. 00 Mode 43 Std. Deviation 5. 749 Minimum 17 Maximum 49 The range of the scores in English exam is from 17 to 49, 17 being the lowest and 49 the highest, with a mean score of 42. 21, mode at 43 and median at 44 and with a standard deviation of 5. 749. (Complete table is shown in Appendix A Table 2) To test for coefficient of correlation for fathers educational att ainment in correlationto the respondents core in Filipino we get, the Spearmans Rho to be . 093 with the significance of 0. 508. In terms for correlation between the mothers educational attainments in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get the Spearmans Rho to be -0. 21, with the significance of . 440. In terms of parents net monthly income in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get Spearmans Rho of -. 013 with significance of . 464. In terms preschool attended in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get the Spearmans Rho to be . 066, with the significance of . 321.In terms of time spent in reading in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get the Spearmans Rho to be -0. 131, with the significance of . 176. To test for correlation for fathers educational attainment in correlation to the respondents score in English we get, the Spearmans Rho to be . 086 with the significance of 0. 269. In terms of mothers educational attain ment in correlation to the respondents core in English we get, the Spearmans Rho to be . 030 with the significance of 0. 415.In terms of monthly income in correlation to the respondents core in English we get, the Spearmans Rho to be .015 with the significance of 0. 456. In terms of preschool attended in correlation to the respondents core in English we get, the Spearmans Rho to be . 088 with the significance of 0. 265. In terms of time spent in reading in correlation to the respondents core in English we get, the Spearmans Rho to be -. 114 with the significance of 0. 209. (complete table of correlation see Appendix A table 3. )CHAPTER V CONCLUSION found on the findings of the study the following conclusion was drawn 1. Parents educational attainment, both mother and the father have no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino.This means that the level educational attainment of the parents does not affects the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 2. Parents net monthly income has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the net monthly income of the parents does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 3. The pre-school attended by the pupil has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the preschool attended by the pupil does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil.4. The pre-school attended by the pupil has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the preschool attended by the pupil does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 5. The time spent by the pupil reading has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the time spent by the pupil reading does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the follow ing recommendations are generalized 1.Central Philippine University must take action and do more research as of what is the cause of the low reading level among Luis Mirasol Memorial Schools Grade III pupils. 2. Since there are no significant relationship between parents educational attainment, net monthly income and the reading level of a pupil, the parents must get involve in other ways in the pupils academe aside from the given two. 3. Researchers are recommended to find other factors that have probable relationship to reading level aside the factors given in this research. REFERENCES http//www. businessdictionary. com/definition/reading-grade-level-RGL.html , Date retrieved April 28, 2012 http// indigo. ie/-sdblang/personal/papers. htm, Date retrieved May 8, 2012 http//www. buzzle. com/articles/private-achools-vspublic-schools. html, Effects of Low Family Income on Children I eHow. com httpwww. Ehow. com. /list _6195251-effects-low-family income children. html ixzzluWkeyqBZ, Dat e retrieved May 9, 2012 http//onlineacamemics. org/ReadingDiagnostisis. html, Date retrieved May 11, 2012 The Philippine Journal of Education, Arnold Peralta (2006), Volume No. LXXXV, p. 243. Christian perspectives in education, Vol. 2, No. 2 Spring 2009.

Classical Approach to Management

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Management in all assembly line and organisational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a sort of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources and natural resources. In for-profit acetify, caution has as its primary function the satisfaction of a range of stakeholders. This typically involves making a profit (for the sh argonholders), creating valued products at a intelligent cost (for customers) and providing rewarding utilisationment opportunities (for employees).In nonprofit management, add the importance of keeping the faith of donors. In most models of man agement/governance, shareholders vote for the get on with of directors, and the board then hires senior management. Some organizations have experimented with other methods (such as employee-voting models) of selecting or reviewing managers but this occurs only very rarely. In the public sector of countries constituted as representative democracies, voters elect politicians to public office.Such politicians hire legion(predicate) managers and administrators, and in whatsoever countries like the United States political appointees lose their phone lines on the election of a newborn president/governor/mayor. Since organizations can be viewed as arrangements, management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the drudgery of useful outcomes from a system. This view opens the opportunity to manage oneself, a pre-requisite to attempting to manage others. II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMManagement is often included as a factor of labor along with machines, m aterials and money. According to the management guru Peter Drucker (19092005), the basic task of a management is twofold marketing and innovation. The problem of this research is how to use the classical advent to management in this detectives job as a manager and determine how it affects the interlocking functions of formulating corporate indemnity and organizing, planning, controlling, and directing the firms resources to achieve the policys objectives.III. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The police detective aims to use the classical approach to management as a manager, and employ Henri Fayols global theory of management which consists of six primary functions of management and 14 principles of management, and Frederick Taylors scientific management which focuses on improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. IV. SYNOPSISAs the manager, this researcher impart lay down the framework of organization origin by creating the top-level managers. They will be responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They will amaze goals, strategical plans, company policies, and make decisions on the direction of the argumentation. In addition, the top-level managers will be involved in the mobilization of outside resources and will be accountable to the shareholders and general public.In order to establish a strong, well-founded, and steady workflow, the researcher will integrate Fayols Principles of Management in outlining the business policy that will include a) the mission of the business which is the most obvious purpose b) the vision of the business which reflects its aspirations and specifies its intended direction or future destination c) the objective of the business which refers to the ends or activity at which a certain task is aimed d) the business policy that will stipulate rules, regulations and objectives, and may be used in the managers ecision-making(it must be flexible and easily interpreted and understood by all empl oyees and e) the business strategy which will coordinate plans of actions that it is going to take, as well as the resources that it will use, to realize its vision and long-term objectives, and will also serve as a guideline to managers, stipulating how they ought to allocate and utilize the factors of production to the businesss advantage.During the operational stage, the researcher will employ Taylors principles in maintaining economic efficiency emphasizing the prevention of social friction surrounded by workers and managers, and social tensions between the blue-collar and white-collar classes. To do this, the workforce will be given one seat to the Board of Directors so that they will be properly represented in ventilating their concerns. One good example of Taylors and Fayols approaches is the case of Bergen Community College (BCC) BergenCommunity Collegeis a diverse organization that consists of many different departments.The manager who supervises this college is responsib le for over 500 employees and a customer (student) base of over 12,000. It is important for a manger to look at the inescapably of the students and then try to implement the best management system that satisfies all the members of the organization. One factor to look at is the environment of BCC. The main factors that concern the general environment of BCC are the economic conditions, social conditions and the technological factors. At the present time, theeconomic factorsare favorable to BCC.The economy is doing well and most people are earning a higher income. This allows people to go to school and it also allows parents to send their children to school. Since the economy is doing well, thither is more competition in the workplace, so one inescapably a higher education to move into a better position. Also, people could work less and make the same amount of money, thus freeing up time to attend classes at a school. All of theseeconomic factors lead to an increase in enrollment. H owever, these are not the only theories that are found in management. Many ther theories exist, and they all focus on a different aspect of management. TheQuantitative Approachuses quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations, to improve decision-making. The organisational Approachis concerned with the behaviors of people at work. This theory has led to such things as human resources management, teamwork, motivation and leadership qualities. However, there are also some disadvantages that may occur. One disadvantage is that with less supervision, the employees may not work hard, thus decreasing performance.Also, there may be some bitterness between co-workers, decreasing the overall performance of the group will decrease. Instead of doing what is best for the organization, the workers may do things only for their benefit or makes them look good and not care about their peers or the organization. All of these forces in BCCs general environment are affecting BC C in a positive way. They are create the enrollment of BCC to increase. As a result, there are many factors in its specific forces that are becoming more complex.These factors are the suppliers, customers, competition, government agencies, and special interest. The suppliers are complex because there is a large number of customers at BCC. Thus, BCC has to ensure that they have proper furniture, classrooms, computers, and other everyday necessities. At the same time, the computer system of the various departments has to be properly maintained to make sure that the students records are properly kept. Also, proper maintenance of the buildings has to be maintained. This rapidly changing environment makes the job of any manager extremely difficult.However, she inescapably to take advantage of the good economy to increase the enrollment at the school as well as try and receive extra funding from the government and special interest groups to expand the school and the programs offered. A t the same time, the manger needs to be aware of the competition for the students from the four-year universities and the increasing number of vocational schools. Also, the manager needs to make sure that the staff is doing its most to satisfy the needs of the customers V. rendering OF TERMS 1.Scientific management also called Taylorism, was a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows. 2. Administrative management management approach that concentrates on the total organization. The furiousness is on the development of managerial principles rather than work methods. 3. Top-Level Managers Typically consist of board of directors, president, vice-president, CEO, etc. They are responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They develop goals, strategic plans, company policies, and make decisions on the direction of the business.In addition, top-level managers play a significant role in the mobilization of outside resources and are accountable to the shareholders and general public. 4. Workforce VI. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This research primarily aims to use the classical approach to management in this researchers job as manager in a private business try and does not include political, educational, and financial institutions. It focuses on employing Frederick Taylors and Henry Fayols management approaches to find out its effects in todays marketing and innovations. CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY I.RESEARCH DESIGN This research is designed in several components Document analysis, surveys of similar business enterprises, and interviews of managements and workforce, and assessment of findings. II. SAMPLING PROCEDURES The researcher will employ the stratified sampling technique so that the identified business enterprises that will be included in the sample will be represented in the same proportion that they exist in the population to enable the researcher draw appropriate inferences. The researcher also believe that this technique could lead to a more efficient statistical estimates.CHAPTER 3 I. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK According to Fayols theory, there were six primary functions of management namely forecasting, planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and monitoring and 14 principles of management namely Division of work, Authority, Discipline. , Unity of command, Unity of direction. Subordination of individual interests to the general interest, Remuneration, Centralisation, Scalar chain, Order, Equity. , Stability of tenure of personnel, Initiative, and Esprit de corps. Frederick Tayloris often called the father of scientific management. Taylor believed that organizations should study tasks and develop precise procedures. As an example, in 1898, Taylor calculated how much iron from rail cars Bethlehem Steel plant workers could be unloading if they were using the correct movements, tools, and steps. The result was an direful 47. 5 tons per day instead of the mere 12. 5 tons each worker had been averagi ng. In addition, by redesigning the shovels the workers used, Taylor was able to increase the length of work time and therefore decrease the number of people shoveling from 500 to 140.Lastly, he developed an incentive system that paid workers more money for meeting the new standard. Productivity at Bethlehem Steel shot up overnight. As a result, many theorists followed Taylors philosophy when developing their own principles of management. Utilizing Frederick Taylors and Henri Fayols principles of management, with little modification so as to adapt to the modern world of marketing and innovations, this researcher believes that interpersonal and social clashes will be minimized if not avoided, and a cost-effective, well-organized, competent, and efficient business enterprise would be established.II. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The conceptual framework of this researcher focuses on using the classical approach to management in his job as a manager that aims to establish whether it is still ef fective in todays modern world of marketing and innovations. The substance of this study will primarily be dependent on the researchers data that will come from document analysis, surveys, interviews, and assessment of findings. III. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORKThe purpose of this research is to use the classical approach to management in this researchers job as manager to find out if the principle is still effective in todays modern marketing and innovations. The type of research design used here is qualitative and institutional in nature. This entails the data analysis which will be extracted from the following 1) document analysis 2) surveys 3) interviews and 4) assessment of findings. This researcher then collates the data poised from these areas to ascertain whether the classical approach could still play a vital role in the management of modern systems of business enterprises.